| Source Data | |
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| Rank | unranked clade (PBDB) |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Ornithothoraces |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Metornithes | stated without evidence | Forster et al., 1996 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Ornithurae | stated with evidence | Sereno, 1998 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Metornithes | stated with evidence | Ji et al., 1999 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Ornithurae | stated with evidence | Sereno, 1999 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Metornithes | stated with evidence | Holtz, 2000 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Pygostylia | stated with evidence | Chiappe, 2002 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Avialae | stated without evidence | Padian, 2004 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Ornithurae | stated with evidence | Senter et al., 2004 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Pygostylia | stated without evidence | You et al., 2006 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Aves | stated without evidence | Chatterjee and Templin, 2007 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Aves | stated with evidence | Osi, 2008 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Ornithurae | stated without evidence | Tykoski and Fiorillo, 2010 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Pygostylia | stated without evidence | Wang et al., 2010 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Pygostylia | stated with evidence | O'Connor and Zelenkov, 2013 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Aves | stated without evidence | Wang et al., 2014 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Pygostylia | stated with evidence | Wang et al., 2014 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Pygostylia | stated without evidence | Liu et al., 2014 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Aves | stated without evidence | Wang and Liu, 2015 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Pygostylia | stated without evidence | O'Connor et al., 2016 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Aves | stated without evidence | Hu and O'Connor, 2017 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Avialae | stated without evidence | McLachlan et al., 2017 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Pygostylia | stated without evidence | Liu et al., 2017 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Aves | stated without evidence | Wang and Zhou, 2019 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Pygostylia | stated without evidence | Chiappe et al., 2019 | | Ornithothoraces | unranked clade | belongs to Aves | stated without evidence | Wang et al., 2020 |
|
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| Status (PBDB) | extant |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 4,587 |
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| Extant Size (PBDB) | 2,434 (53%) |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 168 - 165 Ma
Middle Jurassic |
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| Environment | terrestrial (based on Theropoda) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Theropoda) |
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| Diet | carnivore (based on Coelurosauria) |
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| Reproduction | oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda) |
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| Ontogeny | accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda) |
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| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | L. M. Chiappe and J. O. Calvo. 1994. Neuquenornis volans, a new Late Cretaceous bird (Enantiornithes, Avisauridae) from Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(2):230-246 |
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| Chiappe L. M., Calvo J. O. (1994) Neuquenornis volans, a new Late Cretaceous bird (Enantiornithes, Avisauridae) from Patagonia, Argentina, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14 2, 230-246 |
| Forster C. A., Chiappe L. M., et al (1996) The first Cretaceous bird from Madagascar, Nature 382, 532-535 |
| Sereno P. C. (1998) A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 210 1, 41-83 |
| Ji Q., Chiappe L. M., et al (1999) A new late Mesozoic confuciusornithid bird from China, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 1, 1-7 |
| Sereno P. C. (1999) The evolution of dinosaurs, Science 284, 2137-2147 |
| Chiappe L. M. (2002) Basal bird phylogeny: problems and solutions, Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley, 448-472 |
| Padian K. (2004) Basal Avialae, In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 210-231 |
| Senter P., Barsbold R., et al (2004) Systematics and evolution of Dromaeosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda), Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History 8, 1-20 |
| Tykoski R. S., Fiorillo A. R. (2010) An entantiornithine bird from the lower middle Cenomanian of Texas, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 1, 288-292 |
| Wang X., O'Connor J., et al (2010) New species of Enantiornithes (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Qiaotou Formation in northern Hebei, China, Acta Geologica Sinica 84 2, 247-256 doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00156.x |
| O'Connor J. K., Zelenkov N. V. (2013) The phylogenetic position of Ambiortus: comparison with other Mesozoic birds from Asia, Paleontological Journal 47 11, 1270-1281 |
| Liu D., Chiappe L. M., et al (2014) An advanced, new long-legged bird from the Early Cretaceous of the Jehol Group (northeastern China): insights into the temporal divergence of modern birds, Zootaxa 3884 3, 253-266 doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3884.3.4 |
| Wang M., Hu H., et al (2014) A new small enantiornithine bird from the Jehol Biota, with implications for early evolution of avian skull morphology, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 14 6, 481-497 doi:10.1080/14772019.2015.1073801 |
| Wang X., O'Connor J. K., et al (2014) Insights into the evolution of rachis dominated tail feathers from a new basal enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 113, 806-819 |
| Wang M., Zhou Z.-H., et al (2014) A new diverse enantiornithine family (Bohaiornithidae fam. nov.) from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information from two new species, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 52 1, 31-76 |
| Zhang Y., O'Connor J., et al (2014) New information on the anatomy of the Chinese Early Cretaceous Bohaiornithidae (Aves: Enantiornithes) from a subadult specimen of Zhourornis hani, PeerJ 2, e407 |
| Wang M., Liu D. (2015) Taxonomical reappraisal of Cathayornithidae (Aves: Enantiornithes), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2014.994087 |
| O'Connor J. K., Wang X.-L., et al (2016) An enantiornithine with a fan-shaped tail, and the evolution of the rectricial complex in early birds, Current Biology 26, 114-119 |
| Wang M., Zhou Z.-H., et al (2016) A new basal ornithuromorph bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Early Cretaceous of China with implication for morphology of early Ornithuromorpha 176 1, 207-223 doi:10.1111/zoj.12302 |
| Hu H., O'Connor J. K. (2017) First species of Enantiornithes from Sihedang elucidates skeletal development in Early Cretaceous enantiornithines, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 15 11, 909-926 doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1246111 |
| Liu D., Chiappe L. M., et al (2017) Flight aerodynamics in enantiornithines: Information from a new Chinese Early Cretaceous bird, PLoS ONE 12 10, e0184637 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184637 |
| McLachlan S. M. S., Kaiser G. W., et al (2017) Maaqwi cascadensis: A large, marine diving bird (Avialae: Ornithurae) from the Upper Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada, PLos One 12 12, e0189473 doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0189473 |
| Wang M., O'Connor J. K., et al (2017) A bizarre Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird with unique crural feathers and an ornithuromorph plough-shaped pygostyle, Nature Communications 8, 14141 doi:10.1038/ncomms14141 |
| Wei Z.-Y., Li L. (2017) Discovery of a new enantiornithine bird from Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China, Global Geology 36 3, 655-662 |
| Chiappe L. M., Meng Q.-J., et al (2019) New Bohaiornis-like bird from the Early Cretaceous of China: enantiornithine interrelationships and flight performance, PeerJ 7, e7846 doi:10.7717/peerj.7846 |
| Liu D., Chiappe L. M., et al (2019) Soft tissue preservation in two new enantiornithine specimens (Aves) from the Lower Cretaceous Huajiying Formation of Hebei Province, China, Cretaceous Research 95, 191-207 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.017 |
| Wang M., Zhou Z.-H. (2019) A new enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces) with completely fused premaxillae from the Early Cretaceous of China, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 15, 1299-1312 doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1527403 |
| Wang M., O'Connor J. K., et al (2020) New toothed Early Cretaceous ornithuromorph bird reveals intraclade diversity in pattern of tooth loss, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1682696 |
Ornithothoraces
Euornithes
