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Columbidae

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Description

Columbidae is a bird family constituted of pigeons and doves. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks, and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily feed on seeds, fruits, and plants. The family occurs worldwide, but the greatest variety is in the Indomalaya and Australasia ecozones.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5233	https://www.gbif.org/species/5233
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39353	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39353

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Columbiformes : Columbidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
-	Terrestrornithes	Livezey and Zusi 2007
-	Dendrornithes
-	Anomalogonates	Garrod 1874
-	Coccyges	Huxley 1867
superorder	Psittacimorphae
order	Columbiformes	Latham 1790
family	Columbidae	Illiger 1811

Scientific Name

Columbidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Columbidae	family	belongs to Columbiformes	stated with evidence	Zittel, 1890
Columbidae	family	belongs to Columbae	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Columbidae	family	belongs to Columbiformes	stated without evidence	Olson, 1975
Columbidae	family	belongs to Columbiformes	implied	Carroll, 1988
Columbidae	family	belongs to Columbiformes	stated without evidence	Alcover, 1989
Columbidae	family	belongs to Columbiformes	implied	Peterson, 1999
Columbidae	family	belongs to Columbiformes	stated without evidence	Olson and Rasmussen, 2001
Columbidae	family	belongs to Columbae	stated with evidence	Livezey and Zusi, 2007
Columbidae	family	belongs to Columbiformes	stated without evidence	Worthy et al., 2007
Columbidae	family	belongs to Columbiformes	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

149

Extant Size (PBDB)

106 (71%)

First Recorded Appearance

83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

frugivore, granivore

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Ecospace Comments

see also Terborgh et al. 1990 and Thiollay 1994

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Illiger. 1811. Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium

Common Name(s)

Duiven, Doves, Pigeons, Pigeons, Duefamilien, Duvor, Pigeons & Doves, Doves, Colombes, Ob. Duva

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Columbinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Didunculinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		11	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Eurostopodinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Gourinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Peristerinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Alectroenas genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Alopecoenas genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		35	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Arenicolumba ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Dove
Bountyphaps ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		7	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Caloenas genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Carpophaga genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Chalcopelia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Chalcophaps genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Chloroenas genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Claravis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Columba genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		91	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Columbina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Ground Dove	12	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Cryptophaps genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Didunculus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Drepanoptila genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ducula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Imperial Pigeon	69	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Dysmoropelia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Ectopistes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Passenger Pigeon	32	5.33 Ma Miocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Gallicolumba genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		18	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Geopelia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Geophaps genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Geotrygon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Gerandia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Goura genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Gymnophaps genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hemiphaga genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		29	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Henicophaps genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Homopelia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Leptotila genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Leucosarcia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Lithophaps ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lopholaimus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Topknot Pigeon			0 Ma Extant
Macropygia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Metriopelia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Microgoura genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Muscadivora genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Natunaornis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Nesoenas genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ocyphaps genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Oedirhinus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Oena genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Osmotreron genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Otidiphaps genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Patagioenas genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		28	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Peristera genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Petrophassa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pezophaps ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Phapitreron genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phaps genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ptilinopus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Fruit Dove	45	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Raphus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Reinwardtoena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rupephaps ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	19.0 Ma Miocene	19.0 Ma Miocene
Sphenocercus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Starnoenas genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Streptopelia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Treron genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Trugon genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trygon genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turacoena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turtur genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Turturoena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Uropelia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Vinago genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Zenaida genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		52	1.81 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Phlegoenas virgo species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1811	Columbidae Illiger
1890	Columbidae Zittel p. 848
1930	Raphidae Wetmore
1933	Columbidae Lambrecht p. 602
1975	Columbidae Olson p. 28
1985	Columbidae Olson p. 120
1988	Columbidae Carroll
1989	Columbidae Alcover p. 98
1992	Columbidae Baird p. 26
1992	Columbidae Parmalee p. 314

Year	Name and Author
1999	Columbidae Peterson
2001	Columbidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 299
2005	Columbidae Janoo p. 172
2007	Columbidae Livezey and Zusi p. 93
2007	Raphidae Livezey and Zusi p. 94
2007	Columbidae Worthy et al. p. 24
2008	Columbidae Steadman
2014	Columbidae del Hoyo et al.
2014	Raphinae del Hoyo et al.
2017	Columbidae Clements et al.

References

Illiger C. , Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium

Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Olson S. L. (1975) Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 23, 1-49

Olson S. L. (1985) The fossil record of birds, Avian Biology VIII, 79-256

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Alcover J. A. (1989) Les Aus fossils de la cova de Ca Na Reia, Endins 14-15, 95-100

Baird R. F. (1992) Fossil avian assemblage of Pitfall Origin from Holocene sediments in Amphitheatre Cave (G-2), South-western Victoria, Australia, Records of the Australian Museum 44, 21-44

Parmalee P. W. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama, Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36, 307-318

Peterson A. P. (1999) , Zoological Nomenclature Resource (Zoonomen)

Olson S. L., Rasmussen P. C. (2001) Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 233-365

Janoo A. (2005) Discovery of isolated dodo bones [Raphus cucullatus (L.), Aves, Columbiformes] from Mauritius cave shelters highlights human predation, with a comment on the status of the family Raphidae Wetmore, 1930, Annales de Paléontologie 91 2, 167-180

Livezey B. C., Zusi R. L. (2007) Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 1, 1-95

Worthy T. H., Tennyson A. J. D., et al (2007) Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5 1, 1-39

Steadman D. W. (2008) Doves (Columbidae) and cuckoos (Cuculidae) from the early Miocene of Florida, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 48 1, 1-16

del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Owiny,J. R.,French,E. D. (2000) Ectoparasites in a pigeon colony - via Phthiraptera.info

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Lonc,Elzbieta,Kopczynska-Maslej,J. (1986) Infestation of the domestic pigeon Columba livia dom. in Wroclaw by biting lice in the summer of 1983 - via Phthiraptera.info

Eichler,Wolfdietrich,Gunther,K. K.,Sixl,W. (1976) Scanning electron microscopy of feather-eating lice of pigeons - via Phthiraptera.info

Gill, B.J. & al. (+ 7 authors) (2010) Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. 4 th edition. Wellington, Te Papa Press and Ornithological Society of New Zealand. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Gill, D. (eds.) (2015) IOC World Bird List (v 5.1). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.5.1. Online: http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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