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Hyaenodontidae ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Imperatoria gallwitzi

Mücheln, Saalekreis, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Imperatoria gallwitzi

Mücheln, Saalekreis, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Imperatoria gallwitzi

Mücheln, Saalekreis, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Description

Hyaenodontidae ("hyena teeth") is a family of extinct predatory mammals, and is the type family of the extinct mammalian order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids were important mammalian predators that arose during the late Paleocene and persisted well into the Miocene. They were considerably more widespread and successful than the oxyaenids, the other clade historically considered part of Creodonta.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenodontidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3240747	https://www.gbif.org/species/3240747
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40903	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40903

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Hyaenodontidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Hyaenodonta
family	Hyaenodontidae	Leidy 1869

Scientific Name

Hyaenodontidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hyaenodontidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	stated with evidence	Cope, 1875
Hyaenodontidae	family	belongs to Creodonta	stated without evidence	Cope, 1889
Hyaenodontidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Andrews, 1906
Hyaenodontidae	family	belongs to Creodonta	stated without evidence	Lambe, 1908
Hyaenodontidae	family	belongs to Hyaenodontoidea	stated without evidence	Van Valen, 1967
Hyaenodontidae	family	belongs to Creodonta	implied	Carroll, 1988
Hyaenodontidae	family	belongs to Creodonta	stated without evidence	Lange-Badré and Böhme, 2005
Hyaenodontidae	family	belongs to Hyaenodontida	stated with evidence	Solé et al., 2014
Hyaenodontidae	family	belongs to Hyaenodonta	stated with evidence	Rana et al., 2015
Hyaenodontidae	family	belongs to Hyaenodontoidea	stated with evidence	Solé and Mennecart, 2019

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

156

First Recorded Appearance

61.6 - 59.2 Ma
Paleocene

Last Recorded Appearance

11.6 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenodontidae

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Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Arfiinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	155	59.2 Ma Paleocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Hyaenaelurinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Hyaenodontinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	195	56.0 Ma Paleocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Indohyaenodontinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	4	56.0 Ma Paleocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Koholiinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	3	61.6 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Sinopinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	307	58.7 Ma Paleocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Acarictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Acrohyaenodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ahknatenavus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Allopterodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Anasinopa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Apterodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	21	41.3 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Arfia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	155	59.2 Ma Paleocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Boritia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Boualitomus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	61.6 Ma Paleocene	61.6 Ma Paleocene
Cartierodon ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Cynohyaenodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	41.3 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Dissopsalis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	13.8 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Eoproviverra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Eurotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	55.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Furodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Galecyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	12	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Gazinocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Hemipsalodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	40.4 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Hyaenodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	180	48.6 Ma Eocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Hyaenodontipus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Indohyaenodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Iridodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Ischnognathus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	40.4 Ma Eocene	40.4 Ma Eocene
Isphanatherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Koholia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Kyawdawia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Lahimia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	61.6 Ma Paleocene	61.6 Ma Paleocene
Leakitherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Leonhardtina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	56.0 Ma Paleocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Limnocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	33	50.3 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Masrasector ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	41.3 Ma Eocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Matthodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Megistotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	23.0 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Metasinopa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Minimovellentodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Mlanyama ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Morlodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Neohyaenodon ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Neoparapterodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Orienspterodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	48.6 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Oxyaenodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	46.2 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Oxyaenoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	56.0 Ma Paleocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Paracynohyaenodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parvagula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Parvavorodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Preregidens ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Prodissopsalis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Prolimnocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	87	58.7 Ma Paleocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Propterodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	48.6 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Protopsalis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Proviverra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	15	55.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Proviverroides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Pterodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	33.9 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Pyrocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Quasiapterodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Quercitherium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Schizophagus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sinopa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	36	58.7 Ma Paleocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Teratodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	28.1 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Thereutherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Thinocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	50.3 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Tinerhodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	59.2 Ma Paleocene	59.2 Ma Paleocene
Tritemnodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	50	55.8 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Yarshea ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Prionogalidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1869	Hyaenodontidae Leidy
1875	Hyaenodontidae Cope p. 5–7
1889	Hyaenodontidae Cope p. 876
1891	Hyaenodontidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1902	Hyaenodontidae Hay p. 756
1906	Hyaenodontidae Andrews p. 218
1908	Hyaenodontidae Lambe
1967	Hyaenodontidae Van Valen
1988	Hyaenodontidae Carroll
2001	Hyaenodontidae Sach and Heizmann p. 27
2005	Hyaenodontidae Lange-Badré and Böhme p. 312
2005	Hyaenodontidae Wang et al. p. 2
2006	Hyaenodontidae Gheerbrant et al. p. 476

Year	Name and Author
2007	Hyaenodontidae Morales et al. p. 72
2007	Hyaenodontidae Morlo et al. p. 146
2008	Hyaenodontidae Morales et al.
2009	Hyaenodontidae Bajpai et al. p. 103
2012	Hyaenodontidae Rose et al.
2014	Hyaenodontidae Solé et al.
2014	Hyaenodontidae Solé et al.
2015	Hyaenodontidae Rana et al.
2015	Hyaenodontidae Solé et al.
2016	Hyaenodontidae Borths et al.
2019	Hyaenodontidae Solé and Mennecart
2019	Hyaenodontidae Zack p. 17

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Cope E. D. , Systematic Catalogue of Vertebrata of the Eocene of New Mexico, Collected in 1874. Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Engineer Department, U. S. Army, 5-37

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Andrews C. W. (1906) , A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt, 1-324

Lambe L. M. (1908) The Vertebrata of the Oligocene of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 4, 1-65 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61444

Van Valen L. (1967) New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135 5, 217-284

Sach V. J., Heizmann E. P. J. (2001) Stratigraphy and mammal faunas of the Brackwassermolasse in the surroundings of Ulm (Southwest Germany), Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 310, 1-95

Lange-Badré B., Böhme M. (2005) Apterodon intermedius, sp. nov., a new European Creodont Mammal from MP22 of Espenhain (Germany), Annales de Paléontologie 91, 311-328

Wang X., Qiu Z., et al (2005) Hyaenodonts and carnivorans from the early Oligocene to early Miocene of the Xianshuihe Formation, Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province, China, Palaeontologia Electronica 8 1, 1-14

Gheerbrant E., Iarochene M., et al (2006) Early African hyaenodontid mammals and their bearing on the origin of the Creodonta, Geological Magazine 143 4, 475-489

Morales J., Pickford M., et al (2007) New carnivoran material (Creodonta, Carnivora and Incertae sedis) from the Early Miocene of Napak, Uganda, Paleontological Research 11 1, 71-84 doi:10.2517/1342-8144(2007)11[71:NCMCCA]2.0.CO;2

Morlo M., Miller E. R., et al (2007) Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 1, 145-159

Morales J., Pickford M., et al (2008) Creodonta and Carnivora from the Early Miocene of the Northern Sperrgebiet, Namibia, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia 20, 291-310

Bajpai S., Kapur V. V., et al (2009) Creodont and condylarth from the Cambay Shale (Early Eocene, 55-54MA), Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat, Western India, Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 54 1, 103-109

Rose K. D., Chew A. E., et al (2012) Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36, 1-122

Solé F., Falconnet J., et al (2014) New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171, 878-917

Solé F., Lhuillier J., et al (2014) The hyaenodontidans from the Gour Lazib area (?Early Eocene, Algeria): implications concerning the systematics and the origin of the Hyainailourinae and Teratodontinae, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 12 3, 303-322

Rana R. S., Kumar K., et al (2015) Craniodental and postcranial morphology of Indohyaenodon raoi from the early Eocene of India, and its implications for ecology, phylogeny, and biogeography of hyaenodontid mammals, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 5, e965308:1-22

Solé F., Amson E., et al (2015) A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia), PLoS ONE 10 9, e0135698:1-55

Borths M. R., Holroyd P. A., et al (2016) Hyainailourine and teratodontine cranial material from the late Eocene of Egypt and the application of parsimony and Bayesian methods to the phylogeny and biogeography of Hyaenodonta (Placentalia, Mammalia), PeerJ 4, e2639:1-87 doi:10.7717/peerj.2639

Solé F., Mennecart B. (2019) A large hyaenodont from the Lutetian of Switzerland expands the body mass range of the European mammalian predators during the Eocene, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64 2, 275-290 doi:10.4202/app.00581.2018

Zack S. P. (2019) The first North American Propterodon (Hyaenodonta: Hyaenodontidae), a new species from the late Uintan of Utah, PeerJ 7 e8136, 1-32 doi:10.7717/peerj.8136

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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