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Sitta carolinensis

Description

The white-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) is a small songbird of the nuthatch family common across much of temperate North America. It is stocky, with a large head, short tail, powerful bill, and strong feet. It has a black cap, white face, chest, and flanks, blue-gray upperparts, and a chestnut lower belly. Its nine subspecies differ mainly in the color of the body plumage.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2484892https://www.gbif.org/species/2484892
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)369408https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=369408
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Sittidae : Sitta : Sitta carolinensis
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Sittidae : Sitta : Sitta carolinensis
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
-OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithuraeHaeckel 1866
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
-Neognathae
-NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
-TerrestrornithesLivezey and Zusi 2007
-Dendrornithes
-AnomalogonatesGarrod 1874
-PicoclamatoresLivezey and Zusi 2007
superorderPasserimorphaeSibley et al. 1988
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familySittidaeLesson 1828
genusSittaLinnaeus 1758
speciesSitta carolinensisLatham 1790
Generic NameSitta
Common Namewhite-breasted nuthatch
Scientific NameSitta carolinensis Latham, 1790
Name Published InLatham, J. F. 1790. Index ornithologicus, sive, Systema ornithologiae. Leigh & Sotheby, London. Vol. 1: i-xviii, 1-466.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Sitta carolinensisspeciesbelongs to Sittastated with evidenceLatham, 1790
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance1.80 - 0.30 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Sittidae)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietinsectivore (based on Sittidae)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. F. Clements, T. S. Schulenberg, and M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
Common Name(s) White-breasted Nuthatch (interior West), White-breasted Nuthatch, Sita Pecho Blanco, Sittelle à Poitrine Blanche, Carolinakleiber, Hvidbrystet Spætmejse, Hvitbrystspettmeis, Picchio Muratore Pettobianco, Trepador Pechiblanco, Witborstboomklever, Amerikannakkeli, Baltkrūšu Dzilnītis, Barátcsuszka, Brhlík Bieloprsý, Brhlík Běloprsý, Karolininis Bukutis, Kowalik Karoliński, Pica-soques Pitblanc, Valgepõsk-puukoristaja, Vitbröstad Nötväcka, Каролинский поползень, ムナジロゴジュウカラ, 白胸鳾, 白胸, Carolina-kleiber
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitta_carolinensis

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Sitta carolinensis aculeata
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sitta carolinensis alexandrae
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sitta carolinensis carolinensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sitta carolinensis kinneari
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sitta carolinensis lagunae
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sitta carolinensis mexicana
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sitta carolinensis nelsoni
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sitta carolinensis oberholseri
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sitta carolinensis tenuissima
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1790Sitta carolinensis Latham
2017Sitta carolinensis Clements et al.

References

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
(1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life
(2001) database, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad - via Catalogue of Life
Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names - via Catalogue of Life
(2003) database, http://www.menv.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/centre.htm - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada: Resource Publication, no. 166 - via Catalogue of Life
(2012) Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource, 2011.02.12 - via Catalogue of Life
(2005) website, AOU Check-List (07-2005) - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright, 2006: null. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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