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Charadriiformes

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	36640	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36640

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
order	Charadriiformes	Huxley 1867

Common Name

shorebird

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Carinatae	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Charadriiformes	suborder	belongs to Alectromorphae	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Neognathae	stated with evidence	Wetmore, 1960
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Neognathae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Aves	stated without evidence	Guthrie, 1992
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Aves	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Neornithes	stated without evidence	Hope, 2002
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Neoaves	stated without evidence	Slack et al., 2006
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Aves	stated without evidence	Mayr, 2007
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Charadriimorphae	stated without evidence	Livezey and Zusi, 2007
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Aves	stated without evidence	Smith, 2011
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Aves	stated with evidence	Smith, 2014
Charadriiformes	order	belongs to Aves	stated without evidence	del Hoyo et al., 2014

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

536

Extant Size (PBDB)

346 (65%)

First Recorded Appearance

83.5 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Charadriiformes)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Alcae suborder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Charadrii suborder	listed (PBDB)		8	28.4 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Lari suborder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Limicolae suborder	listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Parrae suborder	listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Pedionomae suborder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Scolopaci suborder	listed (PBDB)		9	55.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Burhinidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Stone-curlew	14	50.3 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Charadriidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Lapwing	88	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Chionidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Sheathbill	2	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Cimolopterygidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)		10	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dakotornithidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)		1	61.7 Ma Paleocene	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Glareolidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Graculavidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	55.8 Ma Eocene
Haematopodidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Oystercatchers	17	24.8 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Jacanidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Laridae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Gull	335	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Pedionomidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Recurvirostridae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		18	55.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Scolopacidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Snipe	393	48.6 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Skua genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Skua	19	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Telmatornithidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Thinocoridae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	1.20 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Turnicidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Buttonquail	29	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Graculavus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hydrophasianus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Rhinoptilus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Rynchops genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Sarjeantopodus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Telmatornis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Volgavis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	58.7 Ma Paleocene	58.7 Ma Paleocene
Laromorphae unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		10	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Panalcidae unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		468	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1867	Charadriiformes Huxley
1898	Charadriiformes Gadow p. 35
1911	Charadriiformes Jaekel p. 175
1960	Charadriiformes Wetmore p. 27
1988	Charadriiformes Carroll
1992	Charadriiformes Guthrie p. 323
1992	Charadriiformes Parmalee p. 313
2002	Charadriiformes Hope pp. 357-358
2002	Charadriiformes Sepkoski, Jr.

Year	Name and Author
2006	Charadriiformes Slack et al. p. 1150
2007	Charadriiformes Livezey and Zusi p. 92
2007	Charadriiformes Mayr p. 395
2007	Charadriiformes Smith et al. p. 1040
2011	Charadriiformes Smith p. 7
2011	Charadriiformes Smith and Clarke p. 16
2013	Charadriiformes Smith and Mayr p. 777
2014	Charadriiformes Smith p. 227
2014	Charadriiformes del Hoyo et al.

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Wetmore A. (1960) A classification for the birds of the world, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 139 11, 1-37

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Guthrie D. A. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from San Miguel Island, California, Science Series (Los Angeles) 36, 319-327

Parmalee P. W. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama, Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36, 307-318

Hope S. (2002) The Mesozoic radiation of Neornithes, Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley, 339-388

Slack K. E., Jones C. M., et al (2006) Early penguin fossils, plus mitochondrial genomes, calibrate avian evolution, Molecular Biology and Evolution 23 6, 1144-1155

Livezey B. C., Zusi R. L. (2007) Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 1, 1-95

Mayr G. (2007) The birds from the Paleocene fissure filling of Walbeck (Germany), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 2, 394-408

Smith N. A., Olson S. L., et al (2007) First Atlantic record of the puffin Cerorhinca (Aves, Alcidae) from the Pliocene of North Carolina, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 4, 1039-1042

Smith N. A. (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae), ZooKeys 91, 1-116

Smith N. A., Clarke J. A. (2011) An alphataxonomic revision of extinct and extant razorbills (Aves, Alcidae): A combined morphometric and phylogenetic approach, Ornithological Monographs 72 1, 1-61

Smith N. A., Mayr G. (2013) Earliest northeastern Atlantic Ocean basin record of an auk (Charadriiformes, Pan-Alcidae): fossil remains from the Miocene of Germany, Journal of Ornithology 154, 775-782 doi:10.1007/s10336-013-0943-6

Smith N. A. (2014) The fossil record and phylogeny of the auklets (Pan-Alcidae, Aethiini), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 12 2, 217-236 doi:10.1080/14772019.2012.742147

del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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