Daren Mine (Old Daren Mine; Darren Consolidated Mine; Daren United Mine; Great Darren Mine; Darren Mine), Pen-bont Rhydybeddau, Trefeirig, Ceredigion, Wales, UKi
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Daren Mine (Old Daren Mine; Darren Consolidated Mine; Daren United Mine; Great Darren Mine; Darren Mine) | Mine |
Pen-bont Rhydybeddau | - not defined - |
Trefeirig | - not defined - |
Ceredigion | County |
Wales | Country |
UK | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
52° 25' 42'' North , 3° 56' 40'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
UK National Grid Reference:
SN678830
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
Place | Population | Distance |
---|---|---|
Capel Bangor | 256 (2017) | 3.3km |
Bow Street | 1,572 (2017) | 5.8km |
Penparcau | 3,088 (2011) | 9.2km |
Aberystwyth | 18,749 (2017) | 9.5km |
Llanilar | 1,085 (2017) | 9.7km |
Mindat Locality ID:
4261
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:4261:4
GUID (UUID V4):
f58311f7-1b22-4580-9f3b-3a5fa182448f
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Dyfed; Cardiganshire
Ref.: (in part): Rocks & Min.: 23:25. A Pb-Zn mine ( although it is recorded as a Pb-Zn mine in Rocks & Min, the mine never produced any zinc ore, and sphalerite is more of an accessory mineral in the vein). Extensive history is given in British mining No40: Northern Mine Research Society.
There is circumstantial evidence Daren may well have been at work in the middle Bronze age (1300BC). A large pre-Roman fort is only afew mts from the vein outcrop. Archaeological excavations have turned up lumps of galena in the ramparts of the hill fort. The vein may also have been worked by the romans after 70AD, again only circumstantial. Stone hammers and mauls have been found at the mine, but these were apparently still being used upto the 1600's. Also 6 wooden spades were found in old stopes, which again could be pre-Roman. A lesse was granted to Sir Hugh Myddleton in (c)1618 when Daren was activly developed to great profit. And was also at work in the 1632 to possibly 1645. Daren appears to have been back at work in the 1650's as there is a record of ores from Darren being smelted at the Talybont smelter. The are no records of the mine being worked from this time untill about 1731. From this date it all appears a bit vague for the next 20-30 years about was going on at Daren, although there dose appear to been some work done in this period. The mine is know to have been at work again in the 1780's for afew years. Daren was reopened on a number of occasions in the 19th centry all to no avail the final working was about 1874-85?. Production Figers are only avalible for the years 1850-79. When it produced 1658 tons of lead ore and 52 tons of copper ore. The ore was also rich in silver ( about 20oz per ton, but sometimes a lot more) by the standards of Welsh ore. Which might be attributted to the presents of tetrahedrite/chalcopyrite in the ore (studys in the "orefield" have shown that some chalcopyrite, and sphalerite is richer in silver than the galena. The tetrahedrite is also silver enriched, but what the ppm is, is not known). The silver from this and other mines was minted at Aberystwyth, and helped to sustain the Royalists in the English civil war (1642-49). The mint was demolished by Cromwells men in 1645. There is also some evidence that small amounts of gold may have been produced from Daren and Cwmsymlog ores. When Thomas Bushell was working this and othere mines associated with the Daren-Cwmsymlog Fault/vein system. The ores from this series of Fault/veins are known to be particulary enriched in silver. Optical studys of ore samples has shown the presents of microscopic spots of gold in the ores. The most recent work has been the making safe of the shafts and open stopes in about 1998. When masses of chalcopyrite where collected, some surfaces where covered in a thin crust of hydrocerussite.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Habit: Tabular Colour: Colourless-white Description: Colourless-white xls to 0.5mm, associated with rutile and quartz. References: |
ⓘ Anglesite Formula: PbSO4 Habit: Prismatic Colour: Colourless Description: Colourless xls to 0.6mm |
ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 |
ⓘ Azurite ? Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
ⓘ Bournonite Formula: PbCuSbS3 Habit: Massive |
ⓘ Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Habit: Drusey crusts Colour: Emerald green Description: Small emerald green crusts to a few cms, and as a replacement of langite. |
ⓘ Caledonite Formula: Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 Description: Almost white to light blue divergent xl groups to 5mm. Associated with hydrocerussite, susannite, and an unknown mineral. |
ⓘ Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 Habit: Various Colour: Colourless-creamy Description: Colourless to creamy xls to 2mm. |
ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Habit: Massive, sphenoidal Description: Major oremineral, very rare crystals to 8mm |
ⓘ Erythrite Formula: Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O Habit: Thin crusts Colour: Pale pink Description: Thin pale pink crusts to afew mm. |
ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Habit: Massive, cubo-octahedral crystals References: |
ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) |
ⓘ Gold Formula: Au Habit: Massive Description: Micron masses in polished ore samples |
ⓘ Hydrocerussite Formula: Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 Habit: Crusts Colour: Whiteish Description: Thin colourless to white pearly platy crusts to afew cms. |
ⓘ Langite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O Habit: Block, pseudohexagonal crystals Colour: Deep blue green Description: Deep blue green xls to 1mm. |
ⓘ Lautenthalite Formula: PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O Habit: Platy Colour: Emerald green References: |
ⓘ Leadhillite ? Formula: Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
ⓘ Linarite Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 Habit: Bladed Colour: Azure blue Description: Deep blue bladed xls to 1mm. |
ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Habit: Balls Colour: Green Description: Small green balls to 1mm. |
✪ Mattheddleite Formula: Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) Habit: Prismatic Colour: Colourless Description: Colourless xls to 0.2mm (XRD), forming small masses to 3mm. |
ⓘ Mimetite Formula: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl Habit: Crystalline masses Colour: Pale green Description: pale green xl masses to 2mm. |
ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Habit: Massive |
ⓘ Pyromorphite Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl Habit: Prismatic Colour: Yellow Description: Yelow xls to 1mm with wulfenite. |
ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Habit: Massive, prismatic Colour: Colourless-white |
✪ Redgillite Formula: Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O Habit: Lath-like Colour: Green |
ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Habit: Acicular Colour: Yellow-brown Description: Acicular xls to 1mm with albite and quartz. Part of an early stage mineralisation befor the influx of the main sulphides. |
ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Habit: Massive Colour: brown |
✪ Susannite Formula: Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 Habit: Pseudohexagonal Colour: White-creamy Description: Colourless to white xls to 0.6mm. References: |
ⓘ Tenorite Formula: CuO Habit: Massive Colour: Black |
ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S Habit: Massive, complex crystals Description: Xls to 1.2cms. |
ⓘ 'Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?)' Formula: Pb, Cu, Si, O ? Habit: Feathery plume-like crystals Colour: Pale blue-royal blue References: |
ⓘ Wroewolfeite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O Habit: Bladed Colour: Light blue green |
ⓘ Wulfenite Formula: Pb(MoO4) Habit: Thin tabular Colour: Yellow to orange Description: Xls to 1mm with pyromorphite. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|
ⓘ | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
ⓘ | Bournonite | 2.GA.50 | PbCuSbS3 |
ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
ⓘ | Tenorite | 4.AB.10 | CuO |
ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
ⓘ | Azurite ? | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Hydrocerussite | 5.BE.10 | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Susannite | 5.BF.40 | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Leadhillite ? | 5.BF.40 | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
ⓘ | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
ⓘ | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
ⓘ | Caledonite | 7.BC.50 | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
ⓘ | Linarite | 7.BC.65 | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Wroewolfeite | 7.DD.10 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
ⓘ | Langite | 7.DD.10 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
ⓘ | Redgillite | 7.DD.70 | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
ⓘ | Lautenthalite | 7.DF.70 | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
ⓘ | Pyromorphite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
ⓘ | Mimetite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
ⓘ | Erythrite | 8.CE.40 | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
ⓘ | Mattheddleite | 9.AH.25 | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Unclassified | |||
ⓘ | 'Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?)' | - | Pb, Cu, Si, O ? |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
H | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
H | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
H | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
H | ⓘ Lautenthalite | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
H | ⓘ Leadhillite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
H | ⓘ Susannite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
H | ⓘ Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
C | Carbon | |
C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
C | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
C | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
C | ⓘ Leadhillite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
C | ⓘ Susannite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
O | Oxygen | |
O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
O | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
O | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
O | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
O | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
O | ⓘ Lautenthalite | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
O | ⓘ Leadhillite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
O | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
O | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
O | ⓘ Susannite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Tenorite | CuO |
O | ⓘ Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
O | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
O | ⓘ Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
O | ⓘ Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?) | Pb, Cu, Si, O ? |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Si | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?) | Pb, Cu, Si, O ? |
P | Phosphorus | |
P | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
S | Sulfur | |
S | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
S | ⓘ Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 |
S | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
S | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
S | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
S | ⓘ Lautenthalite | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
S | ⓘ Leadhillite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
S | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
S | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
S | ⓘ Susannite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
S | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
S | ⓘ Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
S | ⓘ Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
Cl | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
Cl | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
Co | Cobalt | |
Co | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
Cu | ⓘ Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 |
Cu | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
Cu | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Cu | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
Cu | ⓘ Lautenthalite | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
Cu | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Cu | ⓘ Tenorite | CuO |
Cu | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
Cu | ⓘ Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
Cu | ⓘ Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
Cu | ⓘ Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?) | Pb, Cu, Si, O ? |
Zn | Zinc | |
Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
As | Arsenic | |
As | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
As | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
Mo | Molybdenum | |
Mo | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
Sb | Antimony | |
Sb | ⓘ Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 |
Sb | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
Au | Gold | |
Au | ⓘ Gold | Au |
Pb | Lead | |
Pb | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
Pb | ⓘ Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 |
Pb | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
Pb | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
Pb | ⓘ Lautenthalite | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
Pb | ⓘ Leadhillite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
Pb | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
Pb | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
Pb | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
Pb | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
Pb | ⓘ Susannite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
Pb | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
Pb | ⓘ Unnamed (Cu-Pb Silicate ?) | Pb, Cu, Si, O ? |
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