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Xinhua P-REE deposit, Zhijin County, Bijie, Guizhou, Chinai
Regional Level Types
Xinhua P-REE depositDeposit
Zhijin CountyCounty
BijiePrefecture
GuizhouProvince
ChinaCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
26° 41' 59'' North , 105° 45' 0'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
26.70000,105.75000
GeoHash:
G#: wkepyksfc
GRN:
N18E68
Type:
Deposit
Köppen climate type:
Cwb : Subtropical highland climate or temperate oceanic climate with dry winters
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Anshun351,936 (2013)53.2km
Mindat Locality ID:
157955
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:157955:3
GUID (UUID V4):
49f073d1-9d81-4ba3-ba1f-60f3e8f305d2
Name(s) in local language(s):
新华磷稀土元素矿, 织金县, 毕节市, 贵州省, 中国


Early Cambrian phosphorite deposit, hosted in black shales, carbonate rocks and siliceous sediments.

The mineral deposit is mainly controlled by the northeast–southwest Guohua anticline, which trends in a northeast–southwest direction. Notably, the northeast segment of this anticline is 4.0 km wide and exhibits a series of faults and wavy folds, while the southwest segment is narrower, measuring only 0.4 km in width. The core strata found within the anticline is mainly composed of the Ediacaran Dengying Formation. However, the southeast wing of the anticline has been destroyed by a strike fault, leading to the absence of early Paleozoic strata, except for some isolated occurrences of the Lower Cambrian Mingxinsi Formation. On the other hand, the northwest wing of the anticline offers a complete exposure of rock layers, including the Lower Cambrian Gezhongwu Formation, Niutitang Formation, Mingxinsi Formation, Carboniferous Datang Formation, and Quaternary sediments. It is within this section that the Zhijin REE-bearing phosphate deposit is located, near the central axis of the northwest wing of the anticline [8]. The REE-bearing phosphate orebody is strata-bound, and the ore-bearing formation is the Lower Cambrian Gezhongwu Formation (Є1gz). The Gezhongwu Formation (Є1gz) is conformable with the black shale of the overlying Niutitang Formation (Є1n) and unconformable with the dolomite of the underlying Dengying Formation (Z2dy). The mining area exhibits a significant development of fault structures, primarily characterized by the presence of the northeast-oriented normal fault. These faults have a detrimental effect on the overall integrity of certain ore layers within the region. The ore layers found within the mining area range in thickness from 4 to 28 m, with an average thickness of 12 m.
The REE-bearing phosphate deposit in Xinhua, Zhijin, is composed of bioclastic phosphate rocks, phosphatic rocks, and phosphorus-bearing dolomite. These rocks are rich in phosphate minerals, such as apatite and collophanite, while gangue minerals, like dolomite, quartz, calcite, and chalcedony, are also present.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


12 valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Anatase
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
References:
Jie Zhang, Qin Zhang, and Dailiang Chen (2002): Mineral Deposits 21(suppl.), 930-933
Huixin Jin, Hua Wang, and Junqi Li (2007): Chinese Journal of Rare Metals 31(3).
He, Shan, Yong Xia, Jiafei Xiao, Daniel Gregory, Zhuojun Xie, Qinping Tan, Haiying Yang, Haiyan Guo, Shengwei Wu, and Xingxiang Gong. (2022) "Geochemistry of REY-Enriched Phosphorites in Zhijin Region, Guizhou Province, SW China: Insight into the Origin of REY" Minerals 12, no. 4: 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040408
Yang, H., Zhao, Z., Cao, X., Fan, H., Xiao, J., Xia, Y., & Zeng, M. (2022). Geochemistry of apatite individuals in Zhijin phosphorites, South China: Insight into the REY sources and diagenetic enrichment. Ore Geology Reviews, 105169.
Xiong, Canjuan, Xie, Hong, Wang, Yuhang, Wang, Changjian, Li, Zhi, Yang, Chenglong (2024) Microdistribution and Mode of Rare Earth Element Occurrence in the Zhijin Rare Earth-Element-Bearing Phosphate Deposit, Guizhou, China. Minerals, 14 (3) doi:10.3390/min14030223
ⓘ 'Apatite var. Collophane'
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
References:
Jie Zhang, Qin Zhang, and Dailiang Chen (2002): Mineral Deposits 21(suppl.), 930-933
Min Wang, Xiaoming Sun, and Mingyang Ma (2004): Mineral Deposits 23(4), 484-493
Jie Zhang, Qin Zhang, and Dailiang Chen (2004): Geology and Prospecting 40(1), 41-44
Huixin Jin, Hua Wang, and Junqi Li (2007): Chinese Journal of Rare Metals 31(3).
He, Shan, Yong Xia, Jiafei Xiao, Daniel Gregory, Zhuojun Xie, Qinping Tan, Haiying Yang, Haiyan Guo, Shengwei Wu, and Xingxiang Gong. (2022) "Geochemistry of REY-Enriched Phosphorites in Zhijin Region, Guizhou Province, SW China: Insight into the Origin of REY" Minerals 12, no. 4: 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040408
Yang, H., Zhao, Z., Cao, X., Fan, H., Xiao, J., Xia, Y., & Zeng, M. (2022). Geochemistry of apatite individuals in Zhijin phosphorites, South China: Insight into the REY sources and diagenetic enrichment. Ore Geology Reviews, 105169.
Xiong, Canjuan, Xie, Hong, Wang, Yuhang, Wang, Changjian, Li, Zhi, Yang, Chenglong (2024) Microdistribution and Mode of Rare Earth Element Occurrence in the Zhijin Rare Earth-Element-Bearing Phosphate Deposit, Guizhou, China. Minerals, 14 (3) doi:10.3390/min14030223
ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)
Formula: (Ce4+,Th)O2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
References:
Jie Zhang, Qin Zhang, and Dailiang Chen (2002): Mineral Deposits 21(suppl.), 930-933
Jie Zhang, Qin Zhang, and Dailiang Chen (2004): Geology and Prospecting 40(1), 41-44
Min Wang, Xiaoming Sun, and Mingyang Ma (2004): Mineral Deposits 23(4), 484-493
Huixin Jin, Hua Wang, and Junqi Li (2007): Chinese Journal of Rare Metals 31(3)
He, Shan, Yong Xia, Jiafei Xiao, Daniel Gregory, Zhuojun Xie, Qinping Tan, Haiying Yang, Haiyan Guo, Shengwei Wu, and Xingxiang Gong. (2022) "Geochemistry of REY-Enriched Phosphorites in Zhijin Region, Guizhou Province, SW China: Insight into the Origin of REY" Minerals 12, no. 4: 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040408
Wu, S., Fan, H., Xia, Y., Meng, Q., Gong, X., He, S., ... & Wen, H. (2022). Sources of rare earth elements and yttrium in the early Cambrian phosphorites in Zhijin, Southwest China. Ore Geology Reviews, 105146.
Yang, H., Zhao, Z., Cao, X., Fan, H., Xiao, J., Xia, Y., & Zeng, M. (2022). Geochemistry of apatite individuals in Zhijin phosphorites, South China: Insight into the REY sources and diagenetic enrichment. Ore Geology Reviews, 105169.
Xiong, Canjuan, Xie, Hong, Wang, Yuhang, Wang, Changjian, Li, Zhi, Yang, Chenglong (2024) Microdistribution and Mode of Rare Earth Element Occurrence in the Zhijin Rare Earth-Element-Bearing Phosphate Deposit, Guizhou, China. Minerals, 14 (3) doi:10.3390/min14030223
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Description: According to Liu et al. (2008), the clastic phosphate mineral in this deposit is not carbonate-fluorapatite, as was believed earlier, but fluorapatite.
ⓘ 'Glass'
ⓘ 'Glass var. Common Glass'
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ 'Monazite'
Formula: REE(PO4)
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite
Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
References:
Jie Zhang, Qin Zhang, and Dailiang Chen (2002): Mineral Deposits 21(suppl.), 930-933
Jie Zhang, Qin Zhang, and Dailiang Chen (2004): Geology and Prospecting 40(1), 41-44
Min Wang, Xiaoming Sun, and Mingyang Ma (2004): Mineral Deposits 23(4), 484-493
Huixin Jin, Hua Wang, and Junqi Li (2007): Chinese Journal of Rare Metals 31(3)
He, Shan, Yong Xia, Jiafei Xiao, Daniel Gregory, Zhuojun Xie, Qinping Tan, Haiying Yang, Haiyan Guo, Shengwei Wu, and Xingxiang Gong. (2022) "Geochemistry of REY-Enriched Phosphorites in Zhijin Region, Guizhou Province, SW China: Insight into the Origin of REY" Minerals 12, no. 4: 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040408
Wu, S., Fan, H., Xia, Y., Meng, Q., Gong, X., He, S., ... & Wen, H. (2022). Sources of rare earth elements and yttrium in the early Cambrian phosphorites in Zhijin, Southwest China. Ore Geology Reviews, 105146.
Yang, H., Zhao, Z., Cao, X., Fan, H., Xiao, J., Xia, Y., & Zeng, M. (2022). Geochemistry of apatite individuals in Zhijin phosphorites, South China: Insight into the REY sources and diagenetic enrichment. Ore Geology Reviews, 105169.
Xiong, Canjuan, Xie, Hong, Wang, Yuhang, Wang, Changjian, Li, Zhi, Yang, Chenglong (2024) Microdistribution and Mode of Rare Earth Element Occurrence in the Zhijin Rare Earth-Element-Bearing Phosphate Deposit, Guizhou, China. Minerals, 14 (3) doi:10.3390/min14030223
ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Variscite
Formula: AlPO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘQuartz
var. Chalcedony		4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘ4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘAnatase4.DD.05TiO2
ⓘCerianite-(Ce)4.DL.05(Ce4+,Th)O2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘFluorapatite
var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite ?		8.BN.05Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
ⓘ8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘVariscite8.CD.10AlPO4 · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘMuscovite
var. Illite		9.EC.15K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ'Zeolite Group'9.G0.
Unclassified
ⓘ'Apatite
var. Collophane'		-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Glass'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Monazite'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Glass
var. Common Glass'		-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
OOxygen
Oⓘ AnataseTiO2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Oⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)(Ce4+,Th)O2
Oⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
Fⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Siⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Pⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ AnataseTiO2
FeIron
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)(Ce4+,Th)O2
ThThorium
Thⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)(Ce4+,Th)O2

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent
China
Yangtze PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Jie Zhang, Qin Zhang, and Dailiang Chen (2002): Geochemistry of REE-bearing phosphorite deposit in Xinhua, Zhijin, Guizhou Province. Mineral Deposits 21(suppl.), 930-933 (in Chinese with English title).
Jie Zhang, Qin Zhang, and Dailiang Chen (2004): REE geochemistry of the Xinhua REE-bearing phosphorus deposit, Zhijin County, Guizhou Province. Geology and Prospecting 40(1), 41-44.
Min Wang, Xiaoming Sun, and Mingyang Ma (2004): Rare earth elements geochemistry and genesis of Xinhua large-size phosphorite deposit in western Guizhou. Mineral Deposits 23(4), 484-493 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Huixin Jin, Hua Wang, and Junqi Li (2007): Investigation on Ore Characteristics of RE-Bearing Phosphorite Deposit in Xinhua Gezhongwu Ore Zone. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals 31(3).
Shirong Liu, Ruizhong Hu, Guofu Zhou, Guohong Gong, Zhisheng Jin, and Wenqin Zheng (2008): Study on the mineral composition of the clastic phosphate in Zhijin phosphate deposits, China. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 28(3), 244-250.
He, Shan, Yong Xia, Jiafei Xiao, Daniel Gregory, Zhuojun Xie, Qinping Tan, Haiying Yang, Haiyan Guo, Shengwei Wu, and Xingxiang Gong. (2022) "Geochemistry of REY-Enriched Phosphorites in Zhijin Region, Guizhou Province, SW China: Insight into the Origin of REY" Minerals 12, no. 4: 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040408
Yang, H., Xiao, J., Xia, Y., Zhao, Z., Xie, Z., He, S., & Wu, S. (2022). Diagenesis of Ediacaran− early Cambrian phosphorite: Comparisons with recent phosphate sediments based on LA-ICP-MS and EMPA. Ore Geology Reviews, 144, 104813.
Wu, S., Fan, H., Xia, Y., Meng, Q., Gong, X., He, S., ... & Wen, H. (2022). Sources of rare earth elements and yttrium in the early Cambrian phosphorites in Zhijin, Southwest China. Ore Geology Reviews, 105146.
Yang, H., Zhao, Z., Cao, X., Fan, H., Xiao, J., Xia, Y., & Zeng, M. (2022). Geochemistry of apatite individuals in Zhijin phosphorites, South China: Insight into the REY sources and diagenetic enrichment. Ore Geology Reviews, 105169.
[1]Xiong, Canjuan, Xie, Hong, Wang, Yuhang, Wang, Changjian, Li, Zhi, Yang, Chenglong (2024) Microdistribution and Mode of Rare Earth Element Occurrence in the Zhijin Rare Earth-Element-Bearing Phosphate Deposit, Guizhou, China. Minerals, 14 (3) doi:10.3390/min14030223
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