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Aythya affinis

Description

The lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) is a small North American diving duck that migrates south as far as Central America in winter. It is colloquially known as the little bluebill or broadbill because of its distinctive blue bill. The origin of the name scaup may stem from the bird's preference for feeding on scalp—the Scottish word for clams, oysters, and mussels; however, some credit it to the female's discordant scaup call as the name's source. It is apparently a very close relative of the Holarctic greater scaup or "bluebill" (A. marila), with which it forms a superspecies. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek aithuia an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle, and Latin, affinis "related to", from its resemblance to the greater scaup.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2498257https://www.gbif.org/species/2498257
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)368046https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=368046
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Aythya : Aythya affinis
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Aythya : Aythya affinis
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
-OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithuraeHaeckel 1866
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
-Neognathae
-GalloanseraeSibley and Ahlquist 1990
superorderGalloanserimorphae
orderAnseriformesWagler 1831
familyAnatidaeVigors 1825
subfamilyAnatinaeVigors 1825
tribeAythyiniOlson and Rasmussen 2001
genusAythyaBoie 1822
speciesAythya affinisEyton 1838
Generic NameAythya
Common Namelesser scaup
Scientific NameAythya affinis (Eyton, 1838)
Name Published InA monograph on the Anatidae, or duck tribe p. 157
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Aythya affinisspeciesbelongs to Fuligulastated without evidenceEyton, 1838
Aythya affinisspeciesbelongs to Nyrocastated with evidenceWetmore, 1931
Aythya affinisspeciesbelongs to Aythyastated with evidenceBrodkorb and Phillips, 1973
Aythya affinisspeciesbelongs to Aythyastated without evidenceEmslie, 1992
Aythya affinisspeciesbelongs to Aythyastated with evidenceGuthrie, 2010
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance5.33 - 3.60 Ma
Neogene
Environmentfreshwater (based on Anatinae)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietherbivore (based on Anatinae)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)P. W. Parmalee. 1992. A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama. Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36:307-318
Common Name(s) Lesser Scaup, Pato Boludo-menor, Petit Fuligule, Veilchenente, Ameriška Rjavka, Kleine Bergente, Kleine Topper, Küçük Dalgıç ördek, Lille Bjergand, Mažoji žiloji Antis, Mindre Bergand, Ogorzałka Mała, Porrón Bola, Purpurhodeand, Purpurhovudand, чернеть малая морская, Kúfönd, Pikkulapasotka, Kanadabergente, Moretta Grigia Minore, Búbos Réce, Chochlačka Vlnkovaná, Mazā ķerra, Morell Petit, Negrelho-americano, Polák Vlnkovaný, Väike-merivart, Малая морская чернеть, コスズガモ, 小潛鴨, 小潜鸭, Fuligule à Tête Noire
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aythya_affinis

Fossil Distribution

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Fuligula affinis Eyton, 1838GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Aythya : Fuligula affinis
Nyroca affinis (Eyton, 1838)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Aythya : Nyroca affinis

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1838Fuligula affinis Eyton
1931Nyroca affinis Wetmore p. 22
1973Aythya affinis Brodkorb and Phillips p. 439
1992Aythya affinis Emslie p. 257
1992Aythya affinis Parmalee p. 310
2001Aythya affinis Olson and Rasmussen p. 285
2003Aythya affinis Steadman et al.
2004Aythya affinis Broughton p. 20
2010Aythya affinis Guthrie p. 3
2017Aythya affinis Clements et al.

References

Parmalee P. W. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama, Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36, 307-318
Wetmore A. (1931) The avifauna of the Pleistocene in Florida, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 85 2, 1-41
Brodkorb P., Phillips A. R. (1973) Pleistocene birds from the Valley of Mexico, The Auk 90 2, 438-440
Emslie S. D. (1992) Two new late Blancan avifaunas from Florida and the extinction of wetland birds in the Plio-Pleistocene, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 36, 249-269
Olson S. L., Rasmussen P. C. (2001) Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 233-365
Steadman D. W., Tellkamp M. P., et al (2003) Prehistoric exploitation of birds on the Pacific coast of Chiapas, Mexico, The Condor 105, 572-579
Broughton J. M. (2004) Prehistoric human impacts on California birds: evidence from the Emeryville shellmoumd avifauna, Ornithological Monographs 56, 1-90
Guthrie D. A. (2010) Avian material from Rancho del Oro, a Pleistocene locality in San Diego County, California, Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 109 1, 1-7
Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). - via World Register of Marine Species
Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B. 68: p. - via World Register of Marine Species
(1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life
(2001) database, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad - via Catalogue of Life
Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names - via Catalogue of Life
Gallardo, J. C., V. Macías, and E. Velarde. 2009. Birds (Vertebrata: Aves) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1321–1342 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. - via World Register of Marine Species
Peterson, R.T.; Peterson, V.M. (2002). A field guide to the birds of eastern and central North America. Fifth Edition. Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York. 427 p. - via World Register of Marine Species
(2003) database, http://www.menv.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/centre.htm - via Catalogue of Life
(2006) website, AOU Check-List (07-2006) - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada: Resource Publication, no. 166 - via Catalogue of Life
SOF (2007) Holarktis Fåglar, version 2. SOF:s Taxonomikommittés officiella lista över Holarktis fåglar - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Banks, R.C., R.W. McDiarmid, and A.L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication No. 166. 79 p. - via World Register of Marine Species
Robbins, C. S. (1983). Golden field Guide to Birds of North America. Golden press. 360p. - via World Register of Marine Species
Squires, H. J. (1990). Decapod Crustacea of the Atlantic coast of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 221: 532 p. - via World Register of Marine Species
Ayerbe Quiñones, F. (2018). Guía ilustrada de la avifauna colombiana. Wildlife Conservation Society - via Línea base de especies en términos de su vocación de conservación y uso sostenible del departamento de Santander - Proyecto Santander BIO
Grand Manan Whale and Seabird Research Station. - via World Register of Marine Species
Vanner, M. (2003). The encyclopedia of North American birds. Paragon Publishing. 1-383. - via World Register of Marine Species
(2006) website, Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource, 2006.12.10 - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright, 2006: null. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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