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Chionis

Description

The sheathbills are a family of birds, Chionidae. Classified in the wader order Charadriiformes, the family contains one genus, Chionis, with only two species. They breed on subantarctic islands and the Antarctic Peninsula, and the snowy sheathbill migrates to the Falkland Islands and coastal southern South America in the southern winter; they are the only bird family endemic as breeders to the Antarctic region. They are also the only Antarctic birds without webbed feet.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2481370https://www.gbif.org/species/2481370
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)372778https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=372778
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Chionidae : Chionis
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
orderCharadriiformesHuxley 1867
familyChionidaeBonaparte 1832
genusChionisForster 1788
Scientific NameChionis Forster, 1788
Name Published InForster, Johann R. 1788. Enchiridion historiae naturali inserviens, quo termini et delineationes ad avium, piscium, insectorum et plantarum adumbrationes intelligendas et concinnandas, secundum methodum systematis Linnaeani continentur. Hemmerde & Schwetschke, Halae.: , 1-224.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Chionisgenusbelongs to Chionidaestated without evidencedel Hoyo et al., 2014
Chionisgenusbelongs to Chionidaestated with evidenceClements et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)3
Extant Size (PBDB)3 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance0.78 - 0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentmarine (based on Charadriiformes)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietcarnivore (based on Coelurosauria)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. F. Clements, T. S. Schulenberg, and M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chionis

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Chionis albus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Snowy Sheathbill10.01 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Chionis minor
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Black-faced Sheathbill10.78 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Necrophagus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1841GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Chionidae : Necrophagus
Chionarchus Kidder & Coues, 1876GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Chionidae : Chionarchus

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1788Chionis Forster
1789Vaginalis Gmelin
2014Chionis del Hoyo et al.
2017Chionis Clements et al.

References

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904
CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Ench. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
web search (AJR) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Woehler E.J. (compiler) 2006. Species list prepared for SCAR/IUCN/BirdLife International Workshop on Antarctic Regional Seabird Populations, March 2005, Cambridge, UK. - via World Register of Marine Species
Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. [developed by uBio, hosted online at MBLWHOI Library]. - via World Register of Marine Species
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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