Legrandite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Legrandite
Louis C. A. Legrand
Formula:
Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2O
Colour:
Yellow to colourless; pale yellow to colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
3.98 - 4.01
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1932 by Julien Drugman and Max H. Hey in honour of Mr. Louis C.A. Legrand (30 July 1861, Liège, Belgium — 27 May 1920, Brussels, Belgium), a Belgian mining engineer and mineral collector who collected the first specimen.
A secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zones of arsenic- and zinc-bearing deposits.
The structure of legrandite (and paradamite) is characterized by the occurrence of proton transfer tunnels along crystal axes. Stability of legrandite is due to variety of hydrogen bonds, of which there are three types (linear normal one, one-acceptor; two-acceptor, linear + one weak excess one; several-acceptor, one linear + several weak additional ones). Hydrogen in legrandite is distributed among 2 OH and 2 water positions.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Legrandite.
The structure of legrandite (and paradamite) is characterized by the occurrence of proton transfer tunnels along crystal axes. Stability of legrandite is due to variety of hydrogen bonds, of which there are three types (linear normal one, one-acceptor; two-acceptor, linear + one weak excess one; several-acceptor, one linear + several weak additional ones). Hydrogen in legrandite is distributed among 2 OH and 2 water positions.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Legrandite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2365
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2365:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
7631ba76-4493-4015-a3ff-499d711206d5
IMA Classification of Legrandite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1932
Type description reference:
Classification of Legrandite
8.DC.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
42.6.4.1
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
20.3.4
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
3 : Arsenates of Zn, Cd or Hg
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
3 : Arsenates of Zn, Cd or Hg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Leg | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Legrandite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Legrandite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Yellow to colourless; pale yellow to colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Fair to poor on {100}
Fair to poor on {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.98 - 4.01 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.015 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Legrandite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.675 - 1.702 nβ = 1.690 - 1.709 nγ = 1.735 - 1.740
2V:
Measured: 50° , Calculated: 52° to 62°
Birefringence:
0.66
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.060
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Optical Extinction:
X = b; Z ^ c = 40°
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Y = Colourless to yellow
Z = Yellow
Z = Yellow
Chemistry of Legrandite
Mindat Formula:
Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Legrandite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.805(2) Å, b = 7.933(1) Å, c = 10.215(2) Å
β = 104.23°
β = 104.23°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.614 : 1 : 1.288
Unit Cell V:
1,005.82 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Crystals prismatic elongated [001], exhibiting dominant {110}, striated parallel to {001} and {111}, {100}, and {001}. Commonly in sprays or sheaflike aggregates.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000249 | Legrandite | McLean W J, Anthony J W, Finney J J, Laughon R B (1971) The crystal structure of legrandite American Mineralogist 56 1147-1154 |  | 1971 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0020158 | Legrandite | Hawthorne F C, Abdu Y A, Tait K T (2013) Hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure of legrandite: Zn2(AsO4)(OH)(H2O) The Canadian Mineralogist 51 233-241 | 2013 | Tsumeb mine, Namibia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0020671 | Legrandite | Jinnouchi S, Yoshiasa A, Sugiyama K, Shimura R, Arima H, Momma H, Miyawaki R (2016) Crystal structure refinements of legrandite, adamite, and paradamite: The complex structure and characteristic hydrogen bonding network of legrandite Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 111 35-43 | 2016 | Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico | 0 | 293 | |
| 0015593 | Legrandite | Pushcharovskii D Y, Pobedimskaya E A, Belov N V (1971) The crystal structure of legrandite Zn2[AsO4]OH*H2O Soviet Physics Doklady 16 419-421 | 1971 | Ojuela mine, Mexico | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 12.36 Å | (35) |
| 6.68 Å | (71) |
| 5.93 Å | (71) |
| 4.19 Å | (50) |
| 4.08 Å | (100) |
| 3.08 Å | (71) |
| 3.03 Å | (35) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Geological Setting:
Rare secondary mineral in Zn-As bearing deposits, granite pegmatites (rare).
Type Occurrence of Legrandite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Massive radiating-prismatic and rare freely developed crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
1) The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1932,131.
2) Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 92567.
3) National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 114810.
2) Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 92567.
3) National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 114810.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized zone of an arsenic-bearing zinc deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Drugman, J., Hey, M.H. (1932) Legrandite, a new zinc arsenate. Mineralogical Magazine 23: 175-718.
Other Language Names for Legrandite
Dutch:Legrandiet
German:Legrandit
Italian:Legrandite
Russian:Леграндит
Simplified Chinese:水羟砷锌石
Spanish:Legrandita
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 54 photos of Legrandite associated with Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| 29 photos of Legrandite associated with Limonite | |
| 28 photos of Legrandite associated with Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 26 photos of Legrandite associated with Paradamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 16 photos of Legrandite associated with Köttigite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 7 photos of Legrandite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 6 photos of Legrandite associated with Reinerite | Zn3(AsO3)2 |
| 5 photos of Legrandite associated with Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| 5 photos of Legrandite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 5 photos of Legrandite associated with Pharmacosiderite | KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.DC. | Ianbruceite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 8.DC. | Césarferreiraite | Fe2+ Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC. | Ferrivauxite | Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.05 | Nissonite | Cu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.07 | Euchroite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.12 | Strashimirite | Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Arthurite | CuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Earlshannonite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Ojuelaite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Whitmoreite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Cobaltarthurite | (Co,Mg)Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Bendadaite | Fe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Kunatite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | UM2006-27-PO:FeHZn | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | UKI-2006-(PO:AlCuFeH) | Fe2+Al3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.17 | Kleemanite | ZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.20 | Bermanite | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.20 | Coralloite | Mn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.20 | Magnesiobermanite | MgMn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.22 | Kovdorskite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Ferristrunzite | Fe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Ferrostrunzite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Metavauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Metavivianite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Strunzite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Zincostrunzite | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6.5H2O |
| 8.DC.27 | Beraunite | Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.27 | Tvrdýite | Fe2+Fe3+2 Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(H2O)4 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.27 | Zincoberaunite | ZnFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Gordonite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Laueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Mangangordonite | Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Paravauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Pseudolaueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Sigloite | Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 7H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Stewartite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Ushkovite | MgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Ferrolaueite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Kastningite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Maghrebite | MgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Nordgauite | MnAl2(PO4)2(F,OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Kayrobertsonite | [MnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4] · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Kummerite | Mn2+Fe3+Al(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.32 | Tinticite | Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.32 | Kamarizaite | Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.35 | Vauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.37 | Vantasselite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 · 9H2O |
| 8.DC.40 | Cacoxenite | Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O |
| 8.DC.45 | Gormanite | (Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.45 | Souzalite | (Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.47 | Kingite | Al3(PO4)2F2(OH) · 7H2O |
| 8.DC.50 | Wavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.50 | Allanpringite | Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.50 | Fluorwavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.52 | Kribergite | Al5(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.55 | Mapimite | Zn2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 10H2O |
| 8.DC.57 | Ogdensburgite | Ca2Fe3+4(Zn,Mn2+)(AsO4)4(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.60 | Nevadaite | (Cu2+,Al,V3+)6Al8(PO4)8F8(OH)2 · 22H2O |
| 8.DC.60 | Cloncurryite | Cu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.62 | Kenngottite | Mn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2 |
| 8.DC.67 | Molinelloite | Cu(H2O)(OH)V4+O(V5+O4) |
| 8.DC.70 | Whitecapsite | H16Fe2+5Fe3+14Sb3+6(AsO4)18O16 · 120H2O |
| 8.DC.75 | Heimite | PbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.80 | Lednevite | Cu[PO3(OH)] · H2O |
Fluorescence of Legrandite
No fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Legrandite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2365.html
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References for Legrandite
Reference List:
Finney, J. J. (1963) The composition and space group of legrandite. American Mineralogist, 48 (11-12) 1255-1257
Desautels, Paul E., Clarke, Roy S. (1963) Re-examination of legrandite. American Mineralogist, 48 (11-12) 1258-1265
McLean, W. John, Anthony, John W., Finney, Joseph J., Laughon, and Robert B. (1971) The crystal structure of legrandite. American Mineralogist, 56 (5-6) 1147-1154
Sumin de Portilla, Valentina I. (1976) The nature of hydrogen bonds and water in legrandite by IR spectroscopy. American Mineralogist, 61 (1-2) 95-99
Kusachi, Isao, Henmi, Chiyoko, Kishi, Shigetomo (1986) Legrandite and koettigite from the Ogibira mine, Okayama, Japan. Mineralogical Journal, 13 (3) 141-150 doi:10.2465/minerj.13.141
Hawthorne, F. C., Abdu, Y. A., Tait, K. T. (2013) Hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure of legrandite: Zn2(AsO4)(OH)(H2O) The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (2) 233-241 doi:10.3749/canmin.51.2.233
Jinnouchi, Satoshi, Yoshiasa, Akira, Sugiyama, Kazumasa, Shimura, Reiko, Arima, Hiroshi, Momma, Koichi, Miawaki, Ritsurou (2016) Crystal structure refinements of legrandite, adamite, and paradamite: The complex structure and characteristic hydrogen bonding network of legrandite. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 111 (1) 35-43 doi:10.2465/jmps.141216
Localities for Legrandite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| |
Brazil | |
| Canadian Mlneralogist Vol. 20 (1982) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Lapis (4) |
| |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1987) |
Greece | |
| |
| Samouhos et al. (2024) +1 other reference | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1988) | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
Japan | |
| Ishibashi et al (1981) +1 other reference |
| Uehara et al. (2014) | |
| Kusachi et al (1986) |
Mexico | |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
| Rocks & Min.: 56:247. +4 other references |
| Thomas P. Moore (2008) | |
| Moore (2018) | |
| Drugman et al. (1932) +2 other references |
Namibia | |
| Gebhard (1999) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Ciesielczuk et al. (2003) |
USA | |
| Dunn (1995) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Vetter et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
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Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Mapimí Municipality, Durango, Mexico