Chikangawa Intrusion, Nkhata Bay, Northern Region, Malawii
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Chikangawa Intrusion | Intrusion |
| Nkhata Bay | District |
| Northern Region | Region |
| Malawi | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
11° 52' 0'' South , 33° 47' 59'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Age:
650 ± 40 Ma
Geologic Time:
Dating method:
Rb-Sr whole rock
Reference for age:
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Mzimba | 19,308 (2011) | 22.1km |
| Mzuzu | 175,345 (2013) | 50.6km |
| Nkhata Bay | 11,721 (2011) | 60.7km |
6.5 x 4.5 km intrusion is emplaced in gneisses and consists of nepheline syenites that vary widely in grain size, degree of foliation and presence or absence of mafic banding (Bloomfield 1965; Gaskell 1973).
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
10 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ Cancrinite Formula: (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ Natrolite Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ Nepheline Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16) Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group' Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Group' | 4.00. | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Oligoclase | 9.FA.35 | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | Cancrinite | 9.FB.05 | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Natrolite | 9.GA.05 | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Nepheline | 9.FA.05 | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| O | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Na | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Al | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Si | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
Geochronology
Mineralization age: Early/Lower Devonian : 410 ± 16 MaImportant note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.
| Geologic Time | Rocks, Minerals and Events | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phanerozoic | |||||||
| Paleozoic | |||||||
| Devonian | |||||||
| Early/Lower Devonian |
| ||||||
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 161.
Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63.
Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5.
Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37.
SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38.
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
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