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Pterodactylus ✝

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Description

Pterodactylus (meaning "winged finger") is an extinct genus of pterosaurs, whose members are commonly known as pterodactyls. It is thought to contain only a single species, Pterodactylus antiquus, the first pterosaur species to be named and identified as a flying reptile.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterodactylus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5428847	https://www.gbif.org/species/5428847
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38494	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38494

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pterodactylidae : Pterodactylus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pterodactylus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Pterosauromorpha	Padian 1997
-	Pterosauria
-	Macronychoptera	Unwin 2003
-	Novialoidea	Kellner 2003
-	Lonchognatha	Unwin 2003
-	Monofenestrata	Lü et al. 2010
genus	Pterodactylus	Cuvier 1809

Scientific Name

Pterodactylus Cuvier, 1809

Name Published In

Cuvier, G. 1809. Mémoire sur le squelette fossile d'un reptile volant des environs d'Aichstedt, que quelques naturalistes ont pris pour un oiseau, et dont nous formons un genre de Sauriens, sous le nom de Petro-Dactyle. Annales du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 13: 424–437.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Draconoidea	stated without evidence	Fitzinger, 1826
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterosauria	stated without evidence	Owen, 1842
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterodactyli	stated without evidence	Fitzinger, 1843
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterodactylidae	stated without evidence	d'Orbigny, 1849
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterosauria	stated without evidence	Owen, 1861
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterosauria	stated with evidence	Günther, 1886
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterodactylidae	stated with evidence	Zittel, 1890
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterodactylidae	stated without evidence	Van Den Broeck, 1900
Pterodactylus	genus	subjective synonym of Ornithocephalus	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterodactylidae	stated without evidence	Delair, 1958
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterodactylidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Euctenochasmatia	stated with evidence	Unwin, 2003
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterodactylidae	stated with evidence	Jouve, 2004
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterodactyloidea	stated with evidence	Bennett, 2013
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Lophocratia	stated with evidence	Andres et al., 2014
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Pterodactyloidea	stated with evidence	Headden and Campos, 2014
Pterodactylus	genus	belongs to Monofenestrata	stated with evidence	Lu et al., 2015

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

201 - 197 Ma
Early Jurassic

Last Recorded Appearance

140 - 136 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Pterosauria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

piscivore

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterodactylus

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ornithochirus umbrosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pterodactylus antiquus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	151 Ma Late Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Pterodactylus brevirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus cirinensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	157 Ma Jurassic	157 Ma Jurassic
Pterodactylus crocodilocephaloides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus daviesii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus dubius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pterodactylus fittoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus giganteus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Pterodactylus kochi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	151 Ma Late Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Pterodactylus lavateri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pterodactylus longirostris ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pterodactylus manselii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus medius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pterodactylus meyeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus micronyx ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	151 Ma Late Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Pterodactylus montanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus nettecephaloides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus pleydellii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus primus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus propinquus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pterodactylus redenbacheri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus sagittirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pterodactylus secundarius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pterodactylus spectabilis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	151 Ma Late Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Pterodactylus woodwardi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Ornithocephalus Sömmering, 1812	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pterodactylidae : *Ornithocephalus*
Pterodactylus arningi Reck, 1931	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pterodactylidae : Pterodactylus : *Pterodactylus arningi*
Pterodactylus maximus Reck, 1931	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pterodactylidae : Pterodactylus : *Pterodactylus maximus*
Pterodactylus brancai (Reck, 1931)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pterodactylidae : Pterodactylus : *Pterodactylus brancai*
Dsungaripterus brancai (Reck, 1931)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pterodactylidae : Pterodactylus : *Dsungaripterus brancai*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1809	Pterodactylus Cuvier
1813	Pterotherium Fischer
1826	Pterodactylus Fitzinger p. 16
1842	Pterodactylus Owen p. 156
1843	Pterodactylus Fitzinger p. 35
1845	Pterodactylus Meyer p. 281
1849	Pterodactylus d'Orbigny p. 211
1852	Macrotrachelus Giebel
1861	Pterodactylus Owen p. 274
1871	Diopecephalus Seeley
1886	Pterodactylus Günther p. 444
1890	Pterodactylus Zittel p. 791
1900	Pterodactylus Van Den Broeck p. 106

Year	Name and Author
1931	Pterodactylus arningi Reck
1931	Pterodactylus maximus Reck p. 328 fig. 2
1931	Pterodactylus brancai Reck p. 330 figs. 3-4
1958	Pterodactylus Delair p. 69
1980	Dsungaripterus brancai Galton p. 340
1988	Pterodactylus Carroll
2003	Pterodactylus Unwin p. 145
2004	Pterodactylus Jouve
2012	Pterodactylus Pereda-Suberbiola et al.
2013	Pterodactylus Bennett
2014	Pterodactylus Andres et al.
2014	Pterodactylus Headden and Campos
2015	Pterodactylus Lu et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Fitzinger L. I. Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren Natürlichen Verwandtschaften. Einer Verwandtschafts-Tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des K. K. Zoologischen Museum’s zu Wien [New Classification of Reptiles According to their Natural Relationships. A Kinship Panel and a Directory of the Reptile Collection of the K. K. Zoological Museum in Vienna], 1-66

Owen R. Report on British fossil reptiles, part II, Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 11, 60-204

Fitzinger L. Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus Primus. Amblyglossae, Apud Braumüller and Seidel Bibliopolas, Vienna, 1-106 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.4694

Meyer H. v. System der fossilen Saurier [Taxonomy of fossil saurians], Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1845, 278-285

Owen R. , Palaeontology, or a Systematic Summary of Extinct Animals and their Geological Relations. Second Edition. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, 1-463

Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900

Van Den Broeck E. Les dépôts à Iguanodons de Bernissart et leur transfert dans l’étage Purbeckien ou Aquilonien du Jurassique supérieur. Exposé comprenant une revue de la faune des vertébrés du Purbeckien et du Wealdien dans le sud-est de l’Angleterre [The Iguanodon deposits of Bernissart and their transfer to the Purbeckian or Aquilonian stage of the Upper Jurassic. Presentation including a review of the vertebrate fauna of the Purbeckian and Wealden of southeast England ], Mémoires de la Société Belge de Géologie de Paléontologie et d’Hydrologie 14, 39-112

Reck H. (1931) Die deutschostafrikanischen Flugsaurier [The German East African pterosaurs], Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Abteilung B: Geologie und Paläontologie 7, 321-336

Delair J. B. (1958) The Mesozoic reptiles of Dorset. Part one, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 79, 47-72

Unwin D. M. (2003) On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs, Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs, Geological Society of London, Special Publications 217, 139-190

Jouve S. (2004) Description of the skull of Ctenochasma (Pterosauria) from the latest Jurassic of eastern France, with a taxonomic revision of European Tithonian Pterodactyloidea, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24, 542-554

Pereda-Suberbiola X., Knoll F., et al (2012) Reassessment of Prejanopterus curvirostris, a basal pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Spain, Acta Geological Sinica 86 6, 1389-1401

Bennett S. C. (2013) New information on body size and cranial display structures of Pterodactylus antiquus, with a revision of the genus, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift doi:10.1007/s12542-012-0159-8

Andres B., Clark J., et al (2014) The earliest pterodactyloid and the origin of the group, Current Biology 24, 1-6

Headden J. A., Campos H. B. N. (2014) An unusual edentulous pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Romualdo Formation of Brazil, Historical Biology doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2014.904302

Lu J., Pu H., et al (2015) A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur (Pterosauria) from Jurassic deposits of Liaoning Province, China, Zootaxa 3911 1, 119-129

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wellnhofer, 1987 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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