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Sciurus niger

Description

The fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), also known as the eastern fox squirrel or Bryant's fox squirrel, is the largest species of tree squirrel native to North America. Despite the differences in size and coloration, they are sometimes mistaken for American red squirrels or eastern gray squirrels in areas where the species co-exist.


From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciurus_niger, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)5219683https://www.gbif.org/species/5219683
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)51490https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=51490
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Sciurus : Sciurus niger
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Sciurus : Sciurus niger
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
-Glires
orderRodentia
superfamilySciuroidea
familySciuridaeGray 1821
tribeSciurini
genusSciurusLinnaeus 1758
speciesSciurus nigerLinnæus 1758
Generic NameSciurus
Common Namefox squirrel
Scientific NameSciurus niger Linnaeus, 1758
Name Published InLinnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Sciurus nigerspeciesbelongs to Sciurusstated without evidenceLinnaeus, 1758
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietgranivore, frugivore (based on Sciuridae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824
Common Name(s) Fox Squirrel, Ardilla Zorra, Eastern Fox Squirrel, östlig Rävekorre, Amerikaanse Voseekhoorn, Zwarte Eekhoorn
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciurus_niger

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Sciurus niger avicennia
subspecies		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus niger bachmani
subspecies		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus niger cinereus
subspecies		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus niger limitis
subspecies		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus niger ludovicianus
subspecies		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus niger niger
subspecies		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus niger rufiventer
subspecies		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus niger shermani
subspecies		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus niger subauratus
subspecies		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus niger vulpinus
subspecies		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1758Sciurus cinereus Linnaeus p. 64
1758Sciurus niger Linnaeus p. 64
1911Sciurus niger Thomas p. 149
1980Sciurus niger Kurten and Anderson p. 220

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542
Thomas O. (1911) The Mammals of the Tenth Edition of Linnaeus; an Attempt to fix the Types of the Genera and the exact Bases and Localities of the Species, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 81 1, 120-158 doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1911.tb06995.x
Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442
unpubl. observation - via Ad hoc checklist of alien species in Belgium
(1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life
(2001) database, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad - via Catalogue of Life
Thorington, Richard W., Jr., John L. Koprowski, Michael A. Steele, and James F. Whatton (2012) Squirrels of the World - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada: Resource Publication, no. 166 - via Catalogue of Life
Thorington, Richard W., Jr., and Robert S. Hoffman / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Family Sciuridae: Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 2 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, D.M (eds) (2005) Mammal Species of the World. 3rd ed. The John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Thorington, Richard W., Jr., and Robert S. Hoffman / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: Family Sciuridae. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 2. 754-818. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Thorington, Richard W., Jr., John L. Koprowski, Michael A. Steele, and James F. Whatton, 2012: null. Squirrels of the World. vii + 459. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
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