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Sciurus

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Description

The genus Sciurus contains most of the common, bushy-tailed squirrels in North America, Europe, temperate Asia, Central America and South America.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciurus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2437489	https://www.gbif.org/species/2437489
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	41525	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41525

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Sciurus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Euarchontoglires	Murphy et al. 2001
-	Glires
order	Rodentia
superfamily	Sciuroidea
family	Sciuridae	Gray 1821
tribe	Sciurini
genus	Sciurus	Linnæus 1758

Common Name

squirrel

Scientific Name

Sciurus Linnaeus, 1758

Name Published In

Linnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Sciurus	genus	belongs to Glires	stated without evidence	Linnaeus, 1758
Sciurus	genus	belongs to Agilia	stated without evidence	Illiger, 1811
Sciurus	genus	belongs to Sciurina	stated without evidence	Gray, 1825
Sciurus	genus	belongs to Sciurinae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Sciurus	genus	belongs to Sciuridae	stated without evidence	Lambe, 1908
Sciurus	genus	belongs to Sciuridae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Sciurus	genus	belongs to Sciurini	stated with evidence	Mercer and Roth, 2003
Sciurus	genus	belongs to Sciurini	stated without evidence	Emry et al., 2005

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

12 (55%)

First Recorded Appearance

41.3 - 38.0 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

granivore, frugivore (based on Sciuridae)

Ecospace Comments

see also Samuels and Van Valkenburgh 2008

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824

Common Name(s)

Common Tree Squirrels, Tree Squirrels, Squirrel

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciurus

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Sciurus (Prosciurus) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Paramys relictus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus aberti species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sciurus aestuans species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus alleni species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sciurus annulatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus anomalus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus arizonensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Sciurus aureogaster species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus ballovianus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	30.8 Ma Oligocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Sciurus calycinus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Sciurus carolinensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Eastern Gray Squirrel	26	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sciurus colliaei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus deppei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus ebii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus erythropus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus flammifer species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus giganteus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Sciurus gilvigularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus granatensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus griseus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Sciurus ignitus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus igniventris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus javanicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus lis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus maltei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus nayaritensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus niger species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Fox Squirrel	4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sciurus oculatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus olsoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	13.6 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Sciurus panolius ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Sciurus prevostii species	listed (PBDB)	Prevost's Squirrel			0 Ma Extant
Sciurus pucheranii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus pyrrhinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus richmondi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus sanborni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus siderolithicus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Sciurus spadiceus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus spectabilis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Sciurus stramineus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus tecuyensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	30.8 Ma Oligocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Sciurus urucumus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus vareigatoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus variabilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus variegatoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus venturus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sciurus vetustus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus vittatus species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Sciurus vortmani ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	30.8 Ma Oligocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Sciurus vortmani ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Sciurus vulgaris species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Eurasian Red Squirrel	7	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sciurus whitei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sciurus yucatanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Sciurur Temminck, 1844	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Sciurur*
Baiosciurus Nelson, 1899	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Baiosciurus*
Macroschus Gloger, 1841	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Macroschus*
Otosciurus Nelson, 1899	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Otosciurus*
Tenes Thomas, 1909	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Tenes*
Araeosciurus Nelson, 1899	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Araeosciurus*
Parasciurus Trouessart, 1880	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Parasciurus*
Hadrosciurus Allen, 1915	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Hadrosciurus*
Echinosciurus Trouessart, 1880	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Echinosciurus*
Neosciurus Trouessart, 1880	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Neosciurus*
Histriosciurus Allen, 1915	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Histriosciurus*
Hesperosciurus Nelson, 1899	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Hesperosciurus*
Aphrontis Schulze, 1893	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Aphrontis*
Oreosciurus Ognev, 1935	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Oreosciurus*
Mesosciurus Allen, 1915	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Mesosciurus*
Leptosciurus Allen, 1915	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Leptosciurus*
Macroxus Cuvier, 1823	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Macroxus*
Urosciurus Allen, 1915	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Urosciurus*
Simosciurus Allen, 1915	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Simosciurus*
Macroxys Agassiz, 1846	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Macroxys*
Sciuras Osborn, 1894	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Sciuras*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Sciurus Linnaeus p. 63
1758	Sciurus flavus Linnaeus p. 64
1811	Sciurus Illiger p. 83
1825	Sciurus Gray p. 342
1902	Sciurus Hay p. 719
1908	Sciurus Lambe

Year	Name and Author
1967	Sciurus Wilson p. 208
1980	Sciurus Kurten and Anderson p. 220
1997	Sciurus McKenna and Bell
2003	Sciurus Mercer and Roth
2005	Sciurus Emry et al. p. 228

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542

Illiger C. , Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium

Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Lambe L. M. (1908) The Vertebrata of the Oligocene of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 4, 1-65 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61444

Wilson R. L. (1967) The Pleistocene vertebrates of Michigan, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 52, 197-234

Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Mercer J. M., Roth V. L. (2003) The effects of Cenozoic global change on squirrel phylogeny, Science 299, 1568-1572

Emry R. J., Korth W. W., et al (2005) A tree squirrel (Rodentia, Sciuridae, Sciurini) from the late Miocene (Clarendonian) of Nevada, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 1, 228-235

Thorington, Richard W., Jr., and Robert S. Hoffman / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: Family Sciuridae. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 2. 754-818. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Thorington, Richard W., Jr., John L. Koprowski, Michael A. Steele, and James F. Whatton, 2012: null. Squirrels of the World. vii + 459. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 91 Thirty-five generic names of Mammals placed on the Official List of Generic Names.Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 73(4), 1 (1926) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Hall, R. (2004) Däggdjur - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10th edition. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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