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Balaenotus ✝

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Description

Balaenotus is an extinct genus of cetaceans from the Pliocene of Belgium.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaenotus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4832390	https://www.gbif.org/species/4832390
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	36679	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36679

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaenotus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Cetacea	Brisson 1762
-	Pelagiceti	Uhen 2008
-	Neoceti	Fordyce and de Muizon 2001
suborder	Mysticeti	Cope 1891
-	Chaeomysticeti
family	Balaenidae	Gray 1821
genus	Balaenotus	van Beneden 1872

Scientific Name

Balaenotus van Beneden, 1872

Name Published In

Bull. Acad. Sci. Belgique, (2) 34

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Balaenotus	genus	subjective synonym of Balaena	stated without evidence	Lydekker, 1887
Balaenotus	subgenus	belongs to Balaena	stated without evidence	Newton, 1891
Balaenotus	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Palmer, 1904
Balaenotus	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Balaenotus	genus	subjective synonym of Balaenula	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Balaenotus	genus	belongs to Cetacea	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Balaenotus	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Bisconti, 2003
Balaenotus	genus	nomen nudum Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Whitmore and Kaltenbach, 2008
Balaenotus	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Cioppi, 2014

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

16.0 - 3.6 Ma
Neogene

Last Recorded Appearance

2.59 - 0.78 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

marine (based on Mysticeti)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Cetacea)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Balaenidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Cetacea)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Cetacea)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Mysticeti)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. J. Van Beneden. 1872. Les Baleines fossiles d'Anvers. Bulletins de L'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-arts 34:6-23

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaenotus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Balaenotus insignis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	5.33 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Balaenotus orcianensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Balaena meneghinii (Capellini, 1876)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaenotus : *Balaena meneghinii*
Balaenotus meneghinii (Capellini, 1876)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaenotus : *Balaenotus meneghinii*
Balaenotus lawley (Capellini, 1876)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaenotus : *Balaenotus lawley*
Balaena lawleyi (Capellini, 1876)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaenotus : *Balaena lawleyi*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1872	Balaenotus Van Beneden p. 413
1876	Balaenotus lawley Capellini p. 451
1876	Balaenotus meneghinii Capellini p. 451
1891	Balaena (Balaenotus) Newton p. 59
1898	Balaena lawleyi Trouessart p. 1089
1898	Balaena meneghinii Trouessart p. 1090
1904	Balaenotus Palmer p. 132
1904	Balaena lawleyi Trouessart p. 787
1904	Balaena meneghinii Trouessart p. 787
1928	Balaenotus Kellogg p. 35 figs. Table 1

Year	Name and Author
1945	Balaenotus Simpson p. 105
1987	Balaenotus lawleyi Pilleri pp. 65-66 figs. Fig. 19
1987	Balaenotus Pilleri p. 77
1988	Balaenotus Carroll
2002	Balaenotus Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Balaenotus Bisconti p. 23
2008	Balaenotus Uhen et al. p. 618
2014	Balaenotus Cioppi p. 88
2017	Balaenotus Field et al. p. 5 figs. Table 1

References

Van Beneden P. J. Les Baleines fossiles d'Anvers, Bulletins de L'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-arts 34, 6-23

Capellini G. L'uomo pliocenico in Toscana, Atti della R. Accademia dei Lincei. Della Classe di Scienze fisiche, matematiche e naturali 3 2, 451-464

Newton E. T. The vertebrata of the Pliocene deposits of Britain, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, 1-137

Trouessart E. L. , Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilum 5, 665-1264

Palmer T. S. (1904) Index generum mammalium: a list of the genera and families of mammals, North American Fauna 23, 1-984

Trouessart E. L. (1904) , Catalogus Mammalium Tam Viventium Quam Fossilium, Fourth Edition, 1-929

Simpson G. G. (1945) The principles of classification and a classification of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 85, 1-350

Pilleri G. (1987) , The Cetacea of the Italian Pliocene, 1-160

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Uhen M. D., Fordyce R. E., et al (2008) Mysticeti, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America II, 607-628

Cioppi E. (2014) I cetacei fossili a Firenze, una storia lunga più di 250 anni, Museologia Scientifica Memorie 13, 81-89

Field D. J., Boessenecker R., et al (2017) The oldest marin vertebrate fossil from the volcanic island of Iceland: A partial right whale skull from the high latitude Pliocene Tjörnes Formation, Palaeontology doi:10.1111/pala.12275

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Bull. Acad. Sci. Belgique, (2) 34 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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