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Tanystropheidae ✝

Description

Tanystropheidae is an extinct family of mostly marine archosauromorph reptiles that lived throughout the Triassic Period. They are characterized by their long, stiff necks formed from elongated cervical vertebrae with very long cervical ribs. Some tanystropheids such as Tanystropheus had necks that were several meters long, longer than the rest of their bodies.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4823440https://www.gbif.org/species/4823440
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)38195https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38195
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tanystropheidae
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Tanystropheidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
familyTanystropheidaeGervais 1859
Scientific NameTanystropheidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Tanystropheidaefamilybelongs to Tanysitracheliastated with evidenceKuhn, 1966
Tanystropheidaefamilybelongs to Squamatastated with evidenceKuhn, 1971
Tanystropheidaefamilybelongs to Prolacertiformesstated without evidenceSeiffert, 1975
Tanystropheidaefamilybelongs to Prolacertiformesstated with evidenceChatterjee, 1980
Tanystropheidaefamilybelongs to Protorosauriastated with evidenceChatterjee, 1986
Tanystropheidaefamilybelongs to ProtorosauriaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Tanystropheidaefamilybelongs to Prolacertiformesstated with evidenceSenter, 2004
Tanystropheidaefamilybelongs to Protorosauriastated without evidenceRenesto, 2005
Tanystropheidaefamilybelongs to Protorosauriastated with evidenceSennikov, 2011
Tanystropheidaefamilybelongs to Archosauromorphastated with evidenceEzcurra, 2016
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)31
First Recorded Appearance251 - 247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Last Recorded Appearance209 - 201 Ma
Mesozoic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Diapsida)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanystropheidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Amotosaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
6247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Augustaburiania
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Dinocephalosaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Gwyneddichnium
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
14228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Langobardisaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
4216 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
212 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Macrochemus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
10247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
242 Ma
Middle Triassic
Protanystropheus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
3247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Tanystropheus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
18247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Tanytrachelos
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
8228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1859Tanystropheidae Gervais
1923Tribelesodontidae Nopcsa
1928Tribelesodontidae Nopcsa p. 187
1935Macroscelosauridae Kuhn
1966Tanystropheidae Kuhn p. 43
1971Tanystropheidae Kuhn p. 11
1975Tanystropheidae Seiffert p. 9
1980Tanystropheidae Chatterjee p. 198
YearName and Author
1985Tanystropheidae Benton p. 154
1986Tanystropheidae Chatterjee pp. 309-311
1988Tanystropheidae Carroll
2004Tanystropheidae Senter p. 260
2005Tanystropheidae Renesto p. 378
2011Tanystropheidae Sennikov
2016Tanystropheidae Ezcurra

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Nopcsa B. F. (1928) The genera of reptiles, Palaeobiologica 1, 163-188
Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154
Kuhn O. (1971) , Die Saurier der deutschen Trias [Reptiles of the German Triassic], 1-105
Seiffert J. (1975) Upper Jurassic lizards from central Portugal, Contribuição para o conhecimento da Fauna do Kimerridgiano da Mina de Lignito Guimarota (Leiria, Portugal). Serviços Geológicos de Portugal, Memória (Nova Série) 22, 7-85
Chatterjee S. (1980) Malerisaurus, A New Eosuchian Reptile from the Late Triassic of India, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 291, 163-200
Benton M. J. (1985) Classification and phylogeny of the diapsid reptiles, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 84 2, 97-164
Chatterjee S. (1986) Malerisaurus langstoni, a new diapsid reptile from the Triassic of Texas\r\n, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6 4, 297-312
Senter P. (2004) Phylogeny of Drepanosauridae (Reptilia: Diapsida), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2 3, 257-268 doi:10.1017/S1477201904001427
Renesto S. (2005) A new specimen of Tanystropheus (Reptilia Protorosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland and the ecology of the genus, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 111 3, 377-394
Sennikov A. G. (2011) New tanystropheids (Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) from the Triassic of Europe, Paleontological Journal 45 1, 90-104
Ezcurra M. D. (2016) The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms, PeerJ 4, e1778
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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