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Najash

Description

Najash is an extinct genus of basal snake from the Late Cretaceous Candeleros Formation of Patagonia. Like a number of other Cretaceous and living snakes it retained hindlimbs, but Najash is unusual in having well-developed legs that extend outside the rib cage, and a pelvis connected to the spine. Fossils of Najash were found in the terrestrial Candeleros Formation, in Rio Negro Province, Argentina, and date to roughly 90 million years ago. The skull and spine of Najash show primitive features that resemble other Cretaceous snakes, such as Dinilysia and Madtsoiidae. Also, several characteristics of the neck and tail of Najash and Dinilysia show how the body plan of snakes evolved from a lizard-like ancestor.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4820466https://www.gbif.org/species/4820466
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)80918https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=80918
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Madtsoiidae : Najash
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Najash
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
suborderOphidia
genusNajashApesteguía & Zaher 2006
Scientific NameNajash Apesteguía & Zaher, 2006
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Najashgenusbelongs to Serpentesstated without evidenceApestiguía and Zaher, 2006
Najashgenusbelongs to Serpentesstated with evidenceWilson et al., 2010
Najashgenusbelongs to Ophidiastated with evidenceLongrich et al., 2012
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
First Recorded Appearance99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Diapsida)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)S. Apestiguía and H. Zaher. 2006. A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum. Nature 440:1037-1040
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najash

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Najash rionegrina
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
199.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
99.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
2006Najash Apestiguía and Zaher p. 1037 figs. 1-2
2010Najash Wilson et al. p. 6
2012Najash Longrich et al.
2013Najash Palci et al.

References

Apestiguía S., Zaher H. (2006) A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum., Nature 440, 1037-1040
Wilson J. A., Mohabey D. M., et al (2010) Predation upon hatchling dinosaurs by a new snake from the Late Cretaceous of India, PLoS Biology 8 3, e1000322 doi:doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000322
Longrich N. R., Bhullar B.-A. S., et al (2012) A transitional snake from the Late Cretaceous period of North America, Nature 488, 205-208 doi:10.1038/nature11227
Palci A., Caldwell M. W., et al (2013) Emended diagnosis and phylogenetic relationships of the Upper Cretaceous fossil snake Najash rionegrina Apesteguia and Zaher, 2006, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 1, 131-140
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Conrad, 2008 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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