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Ovibos

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Description

The muskox (Ovibos moschatus, in Latin "musky sheep-ox"), also spelled musk ox and musk-ox (in Inuktitut: ᐅᒥᖕᒪᒃ, umingmak), is an Arctic hoofed mammal of the family Bovidae, noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted during the seasonal rut by males, from which its name derives. This musky odor is used to attract females during mating season. Its Inuktitut name "umingmak" translates to "the bearded one". Muskoxen primarily live in Greenland and the Canadian Arctic of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, with introduced populations in the American state of Alaska, the Canadian territory of Yukon, the Scandinavian Peninsula, and Siberia.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovibos, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2441107	https://www.gbif.org/species/2441107
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	42815	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42815

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ovibos

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ovibos

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
order	Artiodactyla	Owen 1848
-	Ruminantiamorpha	Spaulding et al. 2009
-	Ruminantia
-	Pecora
family	Bovidae	Gray 1821
subfamily	Caprinae	Gray 1821
genus	Ovibos	Blainville 1816

Common Name

muskox

Scientific Name

Ovibos Blainville, 1816

Name Published In

Blainville, H. M. D. de. 1816. Sur plusieurs espèces d'animaux mammifères, de l'ordre des ruminans. Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique de Paris 1816: 73-82.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Ovibos	genus	belongs to Bovidae	stated without evidence	Blainville, 1816
Ovibos	genus	belongs to Caprinae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Ovibos	genus	belongs to Bovidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Ovibos	genus	belongs to Ovibovini	stated without evidence	Grubb, 2001
Ovibos	genus	belongs to Caprinae	stated without evidence	Agnarsson and May-Collado, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (67%)

First Recorded Appearance

2.59 - 0.30 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

grazer, browser (based on Bovidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Bovidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals.

Common Name(s)

Muskox, Muskoxen

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovibos

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ovibos moschatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Muskox	32	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ovibos yukonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Criotaurus Gloger, 1841	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Criotaurus*
Bosovis Kowarzik, 1911	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Bosovis*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1816	Ovibos Blainville
1902	Ovibos Hay p. 687
1980	Ovibos Kurten and Anderson p. 334
1988	Ovibos Carroll
2001	Ovibos Grubb p. 384
2008	Ovibos Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 979 figs. Fig. 5

References

Alroy J. (2002) Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Grubb R. (2001) Review of family-group names of living bovids, Journal of Mammalogy 82 2, 374-388

Agnarsson I., May-Collado L. J. (2008) The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: The importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48, 964-985

Hall, R. (2004) Däggdjur - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 91 Thirty-five generic names of Mammals placed on the Official List of Generic Names.Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 73(4), 1 (1926) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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