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Lingula

Photos

Photo Gallery

Description

Lingula is Latin for "little tongue". It can stand for:

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingula, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2252392	https://www.gbif.org/species/2252392
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	26367	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=26367

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Brachiopoda : Lingulata : Lingulida : Lingulidae : Lingula

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
-	Lophophorata
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Linguliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Lingulata	Gorjansky and Popov 1985
order	Lingulida	Waagen 1885
superfamily	Linguloidea	Menke 1828
family	Lingulidae	Gray 1840
genus	Lingula	Bruguière 1797

Scientific Name

Lingula Bruguière, 1797

Name Published In

Bruguière, J. G. 1797. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature : vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypiers. Agasse, Paris. Vol. atlas, t.2: pls. 190-286.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Lingula	genus	belongs to Lingulidae	stated with evidence	Raymond, 1911
Lingula	genus	belongs to Lingulida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Lingula	genus	belongs to Lingulidae	stated without evidence	Emig, 2003

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

9 (9.6%)

First Recorded Appearance

513 - 505 Ma
Cambrian

Motility

facultatively mobile (based on Lingulidae)

Vision

blind (based on Lingulata)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Lingulidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Lingulida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingula

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Lingula acutangula ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	252 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Lingula adamsi species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Lingula albapinensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula allingi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	427 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Lingula ampla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula anatina species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Lingula anticostiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula aoraki ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		12	242 Ma Middle Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Lingula arcta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula arctica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Lingula batesvillae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula beani ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	183 Ma Early Jurassic	183 Ma Early Jurassic
Lingula beanii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	197 Ma Early Jurassic	172 Ma Middle Jurassic
Lingula beltrami species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula bisulcata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula borealica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	272 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Lingula bravardi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula brevirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula brevis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula brimonti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula briseis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lingula brookvillensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula carbonaria ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		57	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	260 Ma Permian
Lingula clarki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula clathra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula clathrata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula clelandi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula clintoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	441 Ma Silurian	441 Ma Silurian
Lingula cobourgensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Lingula complanata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Lingula conklini species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula covingtonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula craneae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	166 Ma Middle Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Lingula credneri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		17	279 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Lingula cretacea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lingula cuneata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	443 Ma Silurian	443 Ma Silurian
Lingula curta ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Lingula deflecta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula deitersensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Lingula delia ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Lingula demissa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	152 Ma Late Jurassic	152 Ma Late Jurassic
Lingula densa ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Lingula desiderata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Lingula dregeri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	13.7 Ma Miocene	13.7 Ma Miocene
Lingula dubia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula elderi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula elliptica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula elliptica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	183 Ma Early Jurassic	183 Ma Early Jurassic
Lingula elongata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Lingula eriensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula eva ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lingula flabellula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula forbesi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Lingula fostermontensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula freboldi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	279 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Lingula fuyuanensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		33	254 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Lingula gorbyi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula halli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula hawkei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula herrickana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula hubbardi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula huronensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lingula hyacinthensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lingula hyperborea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Lingula indianensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula ingens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula insolata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula irvinensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula jaspidea species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Lingula jupiterensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula kedonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Lingula kolymaensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Lingula lamellata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	443 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Lingula lata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula ligea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Lingula limatula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula liurjakhensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Lingula lonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula longoviciensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	191 Ma Early Jurassic	183 Ma Early Jurassic
Lingula louisianensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Lingula manticula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula marginata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula marginia ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Lingula meeki ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Lingula membranacea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula metensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	201 Ma Early Jurassic	183 Ma Early Jurassic
Lingula minima ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	423 Ma Silurian	423 Ma Silurian
Lingula minima-americana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula minuscula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula modesta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula morsei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lingula mytilloides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula nanimensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Lingula nicklesi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula nikitini ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula nitida ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lingula nympha ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lingula oblata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	443 Ma Silurian	441 Ma Silurian
Lingula obtusa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lingula oherni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula olenekensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Lingula ovalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula ovalis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	157 Ma Jurassic	152 Ma Late Jurassic
Lingula ovata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	485 Ma Cambrian	269 Ma Permian
Lingula ovoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula oxfordiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula papyracea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula parrishi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula parva species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Lingula percorrugata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Lingula philomela ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lingula pikensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula pinnaformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula polita species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula procteri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula progne ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Lingula randalli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula reevei species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Lingula reevii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula riciniformis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lingula rostrum species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Lingula rowleyiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula sacculus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	191 Ma Early Jurassic	190 Ma Early Jurassic
Lingula scobina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula scotica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula selwyni ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	242 Ma Middle Triassic	237 Ma Middle Triassic
Lingula spatulata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		27	388 Ma Middle Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Lingula squamiformis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		70	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	326 Ma Carboniferous
Lingula sterlini ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	168 Ma Middle Jurassic
Lingula sturti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula subacutirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula subcircularis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	254 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Lingula subelliptica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	254 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Lingula subovalis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	145 Ma Late Jurassic	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Lingula subspatulata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		25	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lingula subtenuissima ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	237 Ma Middle Triassic	237 Ma Middle Triassic
Lingula subtruncata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula suessi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Lingula sulcatiferea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula tantilla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula tenuis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Lingula translucida species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Lingula triangulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula triquetra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula truncata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Lingula tumida ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	252 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Lingula tumidula species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Lingula unguis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula varsoviensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lingula waynesboroensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula whitei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lingula whitfieldi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lingula xinlinensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	265 Ma Permian	265 Ma Permian
Lingula yatsui species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Lingularius Schuchert & Le Vene, 1929	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Lingulata : Lingulida : Lingulidae : *Lingularius*
Ligularius Duméril, 1806	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Lingulata : Lingulida : Lingulidae : *Ligularius*
Ligula Cuvier, 1798	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Lingulata : Lingulida : Lingulidae : *Ligula*
Pharetra Röding, 1798	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Lingulata : Lingulida : Lingulidae : *Pharetra*
Lingulipora zhexiensis Liang, 1990	GBIF	species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Lingulata : Lingulida : Lingulidae : Lingula : *Lingulipora zhexiensis*
Lingula foliaceusa Liang, 1990	GBIF	species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Lingulata : Lingulida : Lingulidae : Lingula : *Lingula foliaceusa*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1797	Lingula Bruguiére
1911	Lingula Raymond
1990	Lingula foliaceusa Liang p. 99 figs. Pl 1, fig 2
1990	Lingulipora zhexiensis Liang p. 100 figs. Pl 1, fig 1
2000	Lingula Williams et al. p. 32
2002	Lingula Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Lingula Emig
2008	Lingula Peng and Shi p. 149

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Raymond P. E. (1911) The Brachiopoda and Ostracoda of the Chazyan, Annals of the Carnegie Museum 7, 215-259

Liang W. P. (1990) Lengwu Formation of Permian and its Brachiopod Fauna in Zhejiang Province, Geological Memoirs 2 10, 1-522

Williams A., Carlson S. J., et al (2000) Part H Brachiopoda (revised): Volumes 2 & 3, Linguliformea, Craniiformea, Rhynchonelliformea (part)., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 1-919

Peng Y., Shi G. R. (2008) New Early Triassic Lingulidae (Brachiopoda) genera and species from South China, Alcheringa 32, 149-170

Bruguière J. G., 1791. Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des trois Règnes de la Nature : vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypes divers. Panckoucke Paris. [Lingula p. 151 et pl. 250: fig. 1a-c] - via World Register of Marine Species

Emig, C.C. (2008). On the history of the names Lingula, anatina, and on the confusion of the forms assigned them among the Brachiopoda. Carnets de Géologie (Notebooks on Geology). 2008 (08). - via World Register of Marine Species

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 1355 Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 is the type species of Lingula Brugui?re,[1797] (Brachiopoda).Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42, 332-334 (1985) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Hallan, J. (2000-current). Biology Catalog. Web compilation accessible at http://bug.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/ (accessed June 2012). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Ency. Méth. Vers., 1 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Foster, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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