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Libellula

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Description

Libellula is a genus of dragonflies, commonly called skimmers, in the family Libellulidae, distributed throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are found in the United States, where they are the best-known large dragonflies, often seen flying over freshwater ponds in summer. Many have showy wing patterns.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libellula, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	1427882	https://www.gbif.org/species/1427882
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	178151	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=178151

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Libellulidae : Libellula

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885
infraclass	Hydropalaeoptera	Rohdendorf 1969
-	Euhydropalaeoptera	Sroka et al. 2014
-	Odonatoptera	Martynov 1932
-	Palaeodonatoptera	Petrulevicius and Gutiérrez 2016
-	Plesiodonatoptera	Petrulevicius and Gutiérrez 2016
-	Apodonatoptera	Petrulevicius and Gutiérrez 2016
-	Paneodonatoptera	Nel et al. 2019
-	Neodonatoptera	Bechly 1996
-	Euodonatoptera	Bechly et al. 2001
-	Odonatoclada	Bechly 1999
-	Nodialata	Bechly 1996
-	Discoidalia	Bechly 1996
-	Stigmoptera	Bechly 1996
-	Panodonata	Bechly 1996
order	Odonata	Fabricius 1793
-	Epiproctophora	Bechly 1996
-	Euepiproctophora	Bechly 1998
-	Anisopteromorpha	Bechly 1996
-	Trigonoptera	Bechly 1996
-	Pananisoptera	Bechly 1996
-	Neoanisoptera	Bechly 1998
suborder	Anisoptera	Selys-Longchamps and Hagen 1854
-	Euanisoptera	Bechly 1996
-	Exophytica	Bechly 1996
-	Cavilabiata	Bechly 1996
-	Cristotibiata	Bechly 1996
-	Brachystigmata	Bechly 1996
-	Paucipostnodalia	Bechly and Ueda 2002
-	Eubrachystigmata	Bechly 1996
-	Neobrachystigmata	Bechly 2003
-	Paneurypalpidomorpha	Bechly 2003
-	Eurypalpidomorpha	Bechly 2003
-	Eurypalpidiformia	Bechly 2003
-	Paneurypalpida	Bechly 1996
-	Eurypalpida	Bechly 1996
-	Neolamellida	Bechly 1996
-	Valvulida	Bechly 1996
-	Trichodopalpida	Bechly 1996
-	Laterocarinida	Bechly 1996
-	Mediocostida	Bechly 1996
-	Longiansida	Bechly 1996
-	Liberaponsida	Bechly 1996
-	Haplohamulida	Bechly 1996
-	Italoansida	Bechly 1996
-	Anauriculida	Bechly 1996
-	Libellulida	Bechly 1996
family	Libellulidae	Rambur 1842
subfamily	Libellulinae	Rambur 1842
genus	Libellula	Linnæus 1758

Scientific Name

Libellula Linnaeus, 1758

Name Published In

Linnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Libellula	genus	belongs to Neuroptera	stated with evidence	Linnaeus, 1758
Libellula	genus	belongs to Insecta	stated with evidence	Geoffroy, 1762
Libellula	genus	belongs to Neuroptera	stated with evidence	Scopoli, 1763
Libellula	genus	belongs to Gymnoptera	stated with evidence	Schaeffer, 1766
Libellula	genus	belongs to Neuroptera	stated with evidence	Linnaeus, 1767
Libellula	genus	belongs to Unogata	stated with evidence	Fabricius, 1775
Libellula	genus	belongs to Neuroptera	stated with evidence	Müller, 1776
Libellula	genus	belongs to Odonata	stated with evidence	Fabricius, 1798
Libellula	genus	belongs to Libellulinae	stated with evidence	Latreille, 1802
Libellula	genus	belongs to Libellulidae	stated with evidence	Heer, 1849
Libellula	genus	belongs to Odonata	stated with evidence	Pongrácz, 1931
Libellula	genus	belongs to Libellulidae	stated with evidence	Carpenter, 1992
Libellula	genus	belongs to Libellulinae	stated with evidence	Nel and Paicheler, 1993

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (17%)

First Recorded Appearance

28.1 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

freshwater,terrestrial (based on Odonata)

Motility

fast-moving (based on Odonata)

Vision

well-developed (based on Odonata)

Diet

carnivore, insectivore (based on Odonata)

Reproduction

dispersal=water (based on Odonata)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Odonata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824

Common Name(s)

Korenbouten

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libellula

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Libellula (Heterophlebia) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Libellula adriatica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	7.25 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Libellula angelina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula auripennis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula axilena species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula brodieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula capensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula carolina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula cassandra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula ceres species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula coahuiltecana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula coeruleo-maculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula comanche species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula composita species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula croceipennis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula cyanea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula deplanata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula depressa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula dislocata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula equestris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula exusta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula ferniginata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula flavida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula foliata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula forensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula fulva species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula gaigei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula gracilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula grandis species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Libellula herculea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula incesta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula indica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula infuscata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula irrorata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula jesseana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula julia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula kieseli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Libellula luctuosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula lydia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula marginata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula mariae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula mediterranea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	7.25 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Libellula melli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula miniata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula needhami species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula niphonica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula nodisticta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula oculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula oeningensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	12.7 Ma Miocene	12.7 Ma Miocene
Libellula pannewitziana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Libellula philintha species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula pontica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula pourqueryi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Libellula pulchella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula pumila species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula quadrimaculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula requieniana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Libellula reversa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula rubrum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula saturata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula semifasciata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula sieboldiana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Libellula stigmatizans species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula subornata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula sylvia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula trigona species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Libellula ukrainensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Libellula vibrans species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Labellula	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Libellulidae : *Labellula*
Libellula knetti Handlirsch, 1907	GBIF	species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Libellulidae : Libellula : *Libellula knetti*
Belonia Kirby, 1899	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Libellulidae : *Belonia*
Libella Linnaeus, 1758	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Libellulidae : *Libella*
Libellula aglaia Heer, 1861	GBIF	species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Libellulidae : Libellula : *Libellula aglaia*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Libellula Linnaeus p. 543
1761	Libellula Linnaeus p. 371
1762	Libellula Geoffroy p. 217
1763	Libellula Scopoli p. 259
1764	Libellula Müller p. 59
1766	Libellula Schaeffer
1767	Libellula Linnaeus p. 901
1770	Libellula Drury
1775	Libellula Fabricius p. 420
1776	Libellula Müller p. 139
1780	Libellula Harris p. 78

Year	Name and Author
1796	Libellula Latreille p. 97
1798	Libellula Fabricius p. 283
1802	Libellula Latreille p. 286
1833	Platetrum Newman
1849	Libellula Heer p. 79
1861	Libellula aglaia Heer p. 153
1907	Libellula knetti Handlirsch p. 903
1931	Libellula Pongrácz p. 110
1992	Libellula Carpenter p. 83
1993	Libellula Nel and Paicheler p. 166
1997	Libellula Steinmann p. 389

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542

Linnaeus C. , Fauna Svecica: Sistens Animalia Sveciae Regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes, Distributa per Classes & Ordines, Genera & Species, cum Differentiis Specierum, Synonymis Auctorum, Nominibus Incolarum, Locis Natalium, Descriptionibus Insectorum, 1-578

Geoffroy E. L. , Histoire Abregée des Insectes qui se Trouvent aux Environs de Paris, Tome Second, 1-690

Scopoli G. A. , Entomologica Carniolica Exhibens Insecta Carnioliae Indigena et Distributa in Ordines, Genera, Species, Varietates Methodo Linnaeana, 1-421

Müller O. F. , Fauna Insectorum Fridrichsdalina, Sive Methodica Descriptio Insectorum Agri Fridrichsdalensis, cum Characteribus Genericis et Specificis, Nominibus Trivialibus, Locis Natalibus, Iconibus Allegatis, Novisque Pluribus Speciebus Additis, 1-96

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Duodecima 1 2, 533-1327

Drury D. , Illustrations of Natural History. Wherein are Exhibited Upwards of Two Hundred and Forty Figures of Exotic Insects, According to Their Different Genera; Very Few of Which Have Hitherto Been Figured by any Author, Being Engraved and Coloured from Nature, with the Greatest Accuracy, and Under the Author's Own Inspection, on Fifty Copper-Plates. With a Particular Description of each Insect: Interspersed with Remarks and Reflections on the Nature and Properties of Many of Them 1, 1-130

Fabricius J. C. , Systema Entomologiae, Sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus, 1-832

Müller O. F. , Zoologicae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum. Characteres, Nomina et Synonyma Imprimis Popularium, 1-281

Harris M. , An Exposition of English Insects, Including the Several Classes of Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, & Diptera, or Bees, Flies, & Libellulae, 73-166

Latreille P. A. , Précis des Caractères Génériques des Insectes Disposés dans un Ordre Naturel, 1-201

Fabricius J. C. , Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae, 1-572

Latreille P. A. , Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes, Tome Troisième, 1-467

Heer O. , Die Insektenfauna der Tertiärgebilde von Oeningen und von Radoboj in Croatien. Zweiter Theil: Henschrecken, Florfliegen, Aderflügler, Schmetterlinge und Fliegen, 1-264

Heer O. , Recherches sur le Climat et la Végétation du Pays Tertiaire, 1-220

Handlirsch A. (1907) Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der Rezenten Formen, parts V-VII, Ein Handbuch fur Palaontologen und Zoologen, 641-1120

Pongrácz A. (1931) Bemerkungen über die Insektenfauna von Oeningen nebst Revision der Heer'schen Typen, Verhandlungen des Naturhistorisch-Medizinischen Vereins zu Heidelberg 17 2, 104-125

Carpenter F. M. (1992) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4, 1-655

Nel A., Paicheler J. C. (1993) Les Libellulidae fossiles. Un inventaire critique (Odon., Anisoptera, Libelluloidea), Entomologica Gallica 4, 166-190

Steinmann H. (1997) , World Catalogue of Odonata, Volume II, Anisoptera, 1-636

Heidemann, H. & Seidenbusch, R. (2002) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Dijkstra, K.D.B. et al. (2002) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)

SN2000/Pinhey, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 543 (in err. as Libella p. 343). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Askew, R.R. (1988) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)

Sahlén, G. (1996) Sveriges Trollsländor. Fältbiologerna, Stockholm. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

De Jong, Y.; Verbeek, M.; Michelsen, V.; Bjørn, P. D. P.; Los, W.; Steeman, F.; Bailly, N.; Basire, C.; Chylarecki, P.; Stloukal, E.; Hagedorn, G.; Wetzel, F.; Glöckler, F.; Kroupa, A.; Korb, G.; Hoffmann, A.; Häuser, C.; Kohlbecker, A.; Müller, A.; Güntsch, A.; Stoev, P.; Penev, L. (2014). Fauna Europaea – all European animal species on the web. Biodiversity Data Journal. 2: e4034. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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