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Anisoptera

Description

A dragonfly is an insect belonging to the order Odonata, infraorder Anisoptera (from Greek ἄνισος anisos, "unequal" and πτερόν pteron, "wing", because the hindwing is broader than the forewing). Adult dragonflies are characterized by large, multifaceted eyes, two pairs of strong, transparent wings, sometimes with coloured patches, and an elongated body. Dragonflies can be mistaken for the related group, damselflies (Zygoptera), which are similar in structure, though usually lighter in build; however, the wings of most dragonflies are held flat and away from the body, while damselflies hold the wings folded at rest, along or above the abdomen. Dragonflies are agile fliers, while damselflies have a weaker, fluttery flight. Many dragonflies have brilliant iridescent or metallic colours produced by structural coloration, making them conspicuous in flight. An adult dragonfly's compound eyes have nearly 24,000 ommatidia each.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)1687770https://www.gbif.org/species/1687770
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)107094https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=107094
Rankgenus (GBIF)
suborder (PBDB)
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae : Anisoptera
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Anisoptera
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)doubtful
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-Bilateria
-EubilateriaAx 1987
-ProtostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ecdysozoa
-Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumMandibulata
-Pancrustacea
superclassHexapodaLatreille 1825
-CercofilataKukalová-Peck 1987
classInsectaLinnaeus 1758
-Dicondylia
-ParanotaliaSroka et al. 2014
subclassPterygotaBrauer 1885
infraclassHydropalaeopteraRohdendorf 1969
-EuhydropalaeopteraSroka et al. 2014
-OdonatopteraMartynov 1932
-PalaeodonatopteraPetrulevicius and Gutiérrez 2016
-PlesiodonatopteraPetrulevicius and Gutiérrez 2016
-ApodonatopteraPetrulevicius and Gutiérrez 2016
-PaneodonatopteraNel et al. 2019
-NeodonatopteraBechly 1996
-EuodonatopteraBechly et al. 2001
-OdonatocladaBechly 1999
-NodialataBechly 1996
-DiscoidaliaBechly 1996
-StigmopteraBechly 1996
-PanodonataBechly 1996
orderOdonataFabricius 1793
-EpiproctophoraBechly 1996
-EuepiproctophoraBechly 1998
-AnisopteromorphaBechly 1996
-TrigonopteraBechly 1996
-PananisopteraBechly 1996
-NeoanisopteraBechly 1998
genusAnisopteraBerthold 1827
Common Nametrue dragonfly
Scientific NameAnisoptera Berthold, 1827
Name Published Inin Latreille, Nat. Fam. Thierr.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Anisopterasuborderbelongs to Odonatastated with evidenceCowley, 1942
Anisopterasuborderbelongs to Odonatastated without evidenceJarzembowski, 1988
Anisopterasuborderbelongs to Odonatastated with evidenceCarpenter, 1992
Anisopteraunranked cladebelongs to Trigonopterastated with evidenceFleck et al., 2003
Anisopterasuborderbelongs to Odonatastated with evidenceBechly, 2005
Anisopterasuborderbelongs to Neoanisopterastated with evidenceBechly, 2007
Anisopterasuborderbelongs to Odonatastated without evidenceZhang et al., 2008
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)679
Extant Size (PBDB)146 (22%)
First Recorded Appearance183 - 182 Ma
Early Jurassic
Environmentfreshwater,terrestrial (based on Odonata)
Motilityfast-moving (based on Odonata)
Visionwell-developed (based on Odonata)
Dietcarnivore, insectivore (based on Odonata)
Reproductiondispersal=water (based on Odonata)
Taphonomychitin (based on Odonata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)E. A. Jarzembowski. 1988. A new aeshnid dragonfly from the Lower Cretaceous of south-east England. Palaeontology 31(3):763-769
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisoptera

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Aeschnidioidea
superfamily
listed (PBDB)
Libelluloidea
superfamily
listed (PBDB)6130 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant
Cratopetaliidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Hageniidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant
Henrotayiidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1183 Ma
Early Jurassic
183 Ma
Early Jurassic
Juragomphidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1166 Ma
Middle Jurassic
166 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Liupanshaniidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
14130 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Magnathemidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Megaphlebiidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Nothomacromiidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Proterogomphidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
29151 Ma
Late Jurassic
122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ixtahua
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1109 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
109 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Kazakhophlebiella
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
3166 Ma
Middle Jurassic
166 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Necrogomphus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1145 Ma
Late Jurassic
145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Pritykiniella
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1166 Ma
Middle Jurassic
166 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Euanisoptera
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)477168 Ma
Middle Jurassic
0 Ma
Extant
Petalurida
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)40166 Ma
Middle Jurassic
0 Ma
Extant

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1849Aeschna eudore Heer p. 73 figs. Pl 8, fig 4
1849Libellula thoe Heer p. 79 figs. Pl 6, fig 2
1849Libellula perse Heer p. 80 figs. Pl 5, fig 4; pl 6, fig 3
1849Libellula doris Heer p. 81 figs. Pl 6, fig 4; pl 5, fig 5
1849Libellula thetis Heer p. 83 figs. Pl 6, fig 5; pl 5, fig 6
1849Libellula eurynome Heer p. 85 figs. Pl 5, fig 7
1849Libellula melobasis Heer p. 86 figs. Pl 6, fig 6; pl 5, fig 8
1849Libellula calypso Heer p. 87 figs. Pl 6, fig 7; pl 5, fig 9
1850Aeschna parkinsoni De Selys-Longchamps p. 362
1850Aeschna eudore Hagen p. 362
1850Libellula doris Hagen p. 363
1850Libellula perse Hagen p. 363
1850Libellula thoe Hagen p. 363
1850Libellula calypso Hagen p. 364
1850Libellula eurynome Hagen p. 364
1850Libellula melobasis Hagen p. 364
1850Libellula thetis Hagen p. 364
1854Anisoptera Selys-Longchamps and Hagen
1856Libellula perse Heer p. 28
1856Cordulia scheuchzeri Massalongo p. 17 figs. Pl 2, fig 7
1856Libellula doris Massalongo p. 23 figs. Pl 1, figs 12,13
1856Libellula eurynome Massalongo p. 23 figs. Pl 1, figs 8-11
1863Ictinus fur Hagen p. 258 figs. Pl 43, fig 9
1865Libellula calypso Heer pp. 366, 368 fig. 232
1865Libellula doris Heer pp. 366, 368 fig. 231
YearName and Author
1886Cordulia scheuchzeri Omboni p. 1425 fig. 6
1921Stenogomphus scudderi Cockerell p. 30 figs. Pl 8, fig. 5, 9.
1924Cymatophlebia mongolica Cockerell p. 140 figs. Pl II fig 3-5
1931Libellula eudore Pongrácz p. 110
1931Libellula eurynome Pongrácz p. 110
1942Anisoptera Cowley p. 73
1982Cercus Hong p. 50
1982Cercus clavus Hong p. 50 figs. Pl 4, fig 5; text-figs 34,35
1982Dissurus Hong p. 53
1982Dissurus qinquanensis Hong p. 53 figs. Pl 1, fig 2; text-fig 39
1982Dissurus liauyuanensis Hong p. 54 figs. Pl 5, fig 1; text-fig 40
1985Nasiaeschna orientalis Hong pp. 16-18 figs. 6-8; Pl I fi 3, Pl 2 figs 1-2
1988Anisoptera Jarzembowski
1989Miopetalura orientalis Zhang
1992Anisoptera Carpenter p. 79
1992Anisoptera Gentilini
1992Dissurus Hong p. 411
1992Dissurus liaoyuanensis Hong p. 411 figs. Pl 160, fig 3
1994Nasiaeschna orientalis Nel et al.
2000Anisoptera Etter and Kuhn p. 968
2003Anisoptera Fleck et al.
2005Anisoptera Bechly p. 2
2007Anisoptera Bechly
2008Anisoptera Zhang et al.

References

Jarzembowski E. A. (1988) A new aeshnid dragonfly from the Lower Cretaceous of south-east England, Palaeontology 31 3, 763-769
Heer O. , Die Insektenfauna der Tertiärgebilde von Oeningen und von Radoboj in Croatien. Zweiter Theil: Henschrecken, Florfliegen, Aderflügler, Schmetterlinge und Fliegen, 1-264
De Selys-Longchamps E. Revue des odonates ou libellules d'Europe, Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège 6, 1-408
Hagen H. A. Énumération des odonates fossiles d'Europe, in Revue des odonates ou libellules d'Europe, Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège 6, 356-364
Heer O. Ueber die fossilen Insekten von Aix in der Provence, Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich 1, 1-40
Massalongo A. B. P. Prodromo di un'entomologia fossile del M. Bolca, Studii Paleontologici, 11-21
Massalongo A. B. P. Sopra due larve fossili di Libellula dei terreni Mioceni di Sinigallia, Studii Paleontologici, 22-23
Hagen H. A. Neuroptern aus der Braunkohle von Rott im Siebengebirge, Palaeontographica 10, 247-269
Heer O. , Die Urwelt der Schweiz, 1-622
Omboni G. Di alcuni insetti fossili del Veneto, Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Serie Sesta 4, 1421-1436
Cockerell T. D. A. (1921) Some Eocene Insects from Colorado and Wyoming, Proceedings of the United States National Museum 59, 29-39
Cockerell T. D. A. (1924) Fossils in the Ondai Sair Formation Mongolia, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 51, 129-144
Pongrácz A. (1931) Bemerkungen über die Insektenfauna von Oeningen nebst Revision der Heer'schen Typen, Verhandlungen des Naturhistorisch-Medizinischen Vereins zu Heidelberg 17 2, 104-125
Cowley J. (1942) Descriptions of some genera of fossil Odonata, Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy 11, 63-78
Hong Y. C. (1982) , Mesozoic Fossil Insects of Jiuquan Basin in Gansu Province, 1-187
Carpenter F. M. (1992) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4, 1-655
Gentilini G. (1992) Two new species of Epitheca from the Lower Messinian of central Italy, Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 123 3, 201-208
Hong Y. C. (1992) Insecta, I: Middle Jurassic insects, Paleontological Atlas of Jilin Province, 410-417
Nel A., Martínez-Delclòs X., et al (1994) Les Aeshnidae fossiles: Etat actuel des connaissances (Odonata, Anisoptera), Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 194 2/3, 143-186
Etter W., Kuhn O. (2000) An articulated dragonfly (Insecta, Odonata) from the Upper Liassic Posidonia Shale of Northern Switzerland, Palaeontology 43, 967-977
Fleck G., Bechly G., et al (2003) Phylogeny and classification of the Stenophlebioptera (Odonata: Epiproctophora), Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 39 1, 55-93
Bechly G. (2005) A new fossil dragonfly (Anisoptera: Corduliidae) from the Paleocene Fur Formation (Mo clay) of Denmark, Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 358, 1-7
Bechly G. (2007) , Phylogenetic Systematics of Odonata
Zhang B. L., Ren D., et al (2008) New dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphaeschnidae) from the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia, China, Progress in Natural Science 18, 59-64
CoL2006/OSF2 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus (authority adjusted) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
in Latreille, Nat. Fam. Thierr. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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