Chalcodite
A material that is NOT an approved mineral species
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About Chalcodite
Formula:
K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27
Eggleton and Bailey (1966) give the formula
◻(Fe#2+#,Mg#2+#)^0.66(Fe#3+#,Al)^2.23(Si,Al)^4O^9.5(OH)^4.5
◻(Fe#2+#,Mg#2+#)^0.66(Fe#3+#,Al)^2.23(Si,Al)^4O^9.5(OH)^4.5
Colour:
Golden yellow to yellow brown
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
1
Specific Gravity:
2.83
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Charles Upham Shepard in 1851 from the Greek, χαλκώδης, meaning "brass-like" in allusion to its appearance. Brush (1858) cast doubt on the uniqueness of chalcodite. Brush (1858) admitted to having too little of the mineral from the type locality to analyze, and instead analyzed a dissimilar mineral from a different locality (Natural Bridge, New York, USA). The Natural Bridge mineral was a pseudomorph after an unknown mineral. Brush concluded that the Antwerp, New York mineral, while dissimilar to the Natural Bridge mineral, was not new. During the 1830s and 1840s, Shepard was embroiled in a family feud regarding Shepard's predilection of naming minerals based on the Mohs method of naming minerals and the feud extended through the mineral faculty at Yale University and chalcodite. See King (2012) and King and Nemetz (2013). Although Brush (1858) did not analyze similar material from the type locality, from the vantage point of time, his doubt was unfounded. Unlike the variety of stilpnomelane called ferristilpnomelane, chalcodite is the completely ferric analog of stilpnomelane, as originally analyzed by Shepard.
First Recorded Locality:
Dimorph of:
Isostructural with:
Radiating micaceous bronzey clusters.
Currently not approved by the IMA.
Currently not approved by the IMA.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
39169
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:39169:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
fbd884ff-5599-4abb-aa37-76403026a098
Classification of Chalcodite
9.EG.40
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
G : Double nets with 6-membered and larger rings
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
G : Double nets with 6-membered and larger rings
Physical Properties of Chalcodite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Sometimes said to be "bronzy".
Colour:
Golden yellow to yellow brown
Streak:
Yellow to greenish brown; also dark brown
Hardness:
1 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
{001}
Fracture:
Micaceous
Density:
2.83 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.67 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chalcodite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.623 - 1.635 nβ = 1.735 - 1.740 nγ = 1.735 - 1.760
Birefringence:
0.125
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.112 - 0.125
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = pale greenish yellow to colorless, Y = Z = deep grass green
Comments:
~68 mole % ferric-dominant material, Cowcliff Hill, Western Otago, New Zealand (Hutton, 1945). Material from Crystal Falls, Michigan, USA Fe3+:Al = 2.1 : 0.13
Chemistry of Chalcodite
Mindat Formula:
K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27
Eggleton and Bailey (1966) give the formula
◻(Fe#2+#,Mg#2+#)^0.66(Fe#3+#,Al)^2.23(Si,Al)^4O^9.5(OH)^4.5
Eggleton and Bailey (1966) give the formula
◻(Fe#2+#,Mg#2+#)^0.66(Fe#3+#,Al)^2.23(Si,Al)^4O^9.5(OH)^4.5
Crystallography of Chalcodite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pedial
Space Group:
P1
Setting:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 17.740 Å, b = 18.817 Å, c = 16.595 Å
α = 104.61°, β = 101.58°, γ = 72.85°
α = 104.61°, β = 101.58°, γ = 72.85°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.943 : 1 : 0.882
Unit Cell V:
5,074.11 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 12.3 Å | (100) |
| 7.14 Å | (20) |
| 6.26 Å | (50) |
| 5.42 Å | (40) |
| 4.68 Å | (40) |
| 4.36 Å | (20) |
| 4.16 Å | (100) |
| 3.78 Å | (10) |
| 3.61 Å | (40b) |
| 3.36 Å | (30) |
| 3.12 Å | (60) |
| 2.98 Å | (10) |
| 2.69 Å | (70) |
| 2.55 Å | (100) |
| 2.48 Å | (20) |
| 2.345 Å | (50) |
| 2.192 Å | (30) |
| 2.117 Å | (40) |
| 2.020 Å | (20) |
| 1.972 Å | (20) |
| 1.900 Å | (50) |
| 1.828 Å | (10) |
| 1.778 Å | (20) |
| 1.734 Å | (10b) |
| 1.704 Å | (40) |
| 1.636 Å | (10) |
| 1.591 Å | (20) |
| 1.568 Å | (60) |
| 1.554 Å | (40) |
| 1.536 Å | (20) |
| 1.521 Å | (20) |
| 1.468 Å | (20) |
| 1.436 Å | (30) |
| 1.427 Å | (20b) |
| 1.354 Å | (20) |
| 1.336 Å | (10) |
| 1.306 Å | (20) |
| 1.276 Å | (10) |
| 1.261 Å | (10) |
| 1.210 Å | (10) |
| 1.154 Å | (40) |
| 1.098 Å | (20b) |
| 1.058 Å | (30) |
| 1.037 Å | (20) |
| 1.024 Å | (20) |
| 1.016 Å | (30b) |
| 1.002 Å | (20b) |
Comments:
ICDD 29-703. Note: Brindley and de Souza (1975) x-rayed chalcodite presumably from Genth's described specimens from Antwerp, New York: "The Genth Collection of minerals in this university contained three samples marked chalcodite, which have a golden, flaky appearance. Their X-ray powder patterns, however, agreed generally but not in detail [emphasis added] with that of stilpnomelane ... and they were clearly not chlorites." Unfortunately, those data were not published.
First Recorded Occurrence of Chalcodite
General Appearance of First Recorded Material:
Aggregates of golden yellow to golden brown open radial groups of micaceous plates.
Geological Setting of First Recorded Material:
Hematite-rich iron deposit
Associated Minerals at First Recorded Locality:
Relationship of Chalcodite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Franklinphilite | (K,Na)4(Mn2+,Mg,Zn)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216 · 6H2O | Tric. |
| Lennilenapeite | K6-7(Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216 · 16H2O | Tric. |
| Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 20 photos of Chalcodite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 19 photos of Chalcodite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 7 photos of Chalcodite associated with Ferristilpnomelane | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| 7 photos of Chalcodite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 7 photos of Chalcodite associated with Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 6 photos of Chalcodite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 5 photos of Chalcodite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 4 photos of Chalcodite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 3 photos of Chalcodite associated with Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| 2 photos of Chalcodite associated with Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.EG.05 | Cymrite | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| 9.EG.10 | Naujakasite | (Na,K)6(Fe2+,Mn2+,Ca)(Al,Fe)4Si8O26 |
| 9.EG.10 | Manganonaujakasite | Na6(Mn2+,Fe2+)Al4Si8O26 |
| 9.EG.15 | Dmisteinbergite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| 9.EG.20 | Kampfite | Ba12(Si11Al5)O31(CO3)8Cl5 |
| 9.EG.25 | Strätlingite | Ca2Al2SiO7 · 8H2O |
| 9.EG.25 | Vertumnite | Ca4Al4Si4O6(OH)24 · 3H2O |
| 9.EG.30 | Eggletonite | (Na,K,Ca)2(Mn,Fe)8(Si,Al)12O29(OH)7 · 11H2O |
| 9.EG.30 | Ganophyllite | (K,Na,Ca)2Mn8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)32 · 8H2O |
| 9.EG.30 | Tamaite | (Ca,K,Ba,Na)3-4Mn24(Si,Al)40(O,OH)112 · 21H2O |
| 9.EG.35 | Coombsite | KMn2+13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14 |
| 9.EG.35 | Zussmanite | K(Fe,Mg,Mn)13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14 |
| 9.EG.40 | Franklinphilite | (K,Na)4(Mn2+,Mg,Zn)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216 · 6H2O |
| 9.EG.40 | Lennilenapeite | K6-7(Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216 · 16H2O |
| 9.EG.40 | Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| 9.EG.40 | Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| 9.EG.45 | Latiumite | (Ca,K)4(Si,Al)5O11(SO4,CO3) |
| 9.EG.45 | Tuscanite | KCa6(Si,Al)10O22(SO4,CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| 9.EG.45 | Levantite | KCa3Al2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(PO4) |
| 9.EG.50 | Jagoite | Pb18Fe3+4[Si4(Si,Fe3+)6][Pb4Si16(Si,Fe)4]O82Cl6 |
| 9.EG.55 | Wickenburgite | CaPb3Al2Si10O24(OH)6 |
| 9.EG.60 | Hyttsjöite | Pb18Ba2Ca5Mn2+2Fe3+2Si30O90Cl · 6H2O |
| 9.EG.65 | Armbrusterite | K5Na7Mn15[(Si9O22)4](OH)10 · 4H2O |
| 9.EG.70 | Britvinite | [Pb7(OH)3F(BO3)2(CO3)][Mg4.5(OH)3(Si5O14)] |
| 9.EG.70 | Roymillerite | Pb24Mg9(Si10O28)(CO3)10(BO3)(SiO4)(OH)13O5 |
| 9.EG.75 | Bannisterite | (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O |
| 9.EG.75 | UM1989-30-SiO:AlBaCaFeHKMgMn | (Ba,Ca)(Mn,Fe,Mg)22(Si,Al)32O76(OH)16 · 12H2O |
| 9.EG.75 | Kayupovaite | Na2Mn10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8] · 7H2O |
Fluorescence of Chalcodite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chalcodite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-39169.html
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References for Chalcodite
Reference List:
Localities for Chalcodite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Richard Gunter Collection |
| Morphogenesis |
Italy | |
| King (n.d.) |
New Zealand | |
| Hutton |
Norway | |
| King (n.d.) |
Switzerland | |
| Alpinisme et Mineraux |
USA | |
| Hutton |
| Rob Lavinsky photo |
| R. Zinderman photo |
| King (n.d.) |
| Charles Guidotti +1 other reference |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Shannon |
| Eggleton et al. (1966) |
| Peter Cristophano photo |
| Nick Faciollo |
| Shepard |
| Edith Trybalski |
Wallbridge Iron Mine, Madoc Township, Centre Hastings Municipality, Hastings County, Ontario, Canada