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Modiolus

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	16379	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=16379

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Modiolus

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Pteriomorphia
-	Mytilomorphi	Ferussac 1822
order	Mytilida
superfamily	Mytiloidea	Rafinesque 1815
family	Mytilidae	Rafinesque 1815
genus	Modiolus	(Lamarck 1801)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Mytilidae	stated without evidence	Lamarck, 1801
Modiolus	subgenus	belongs to Mytilus	stated with evidence	Forbes, 1846
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Mytilidae	stated with evidence	Stanton, 1895
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Mytilidae	stated without evidence	Clark and Arnold, 1923
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Mytilidae	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Mytilidae	stated without evidence	Sey and Kalacheva, 1980
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Mytilidae	stated with evidence	Ward and Blackwelder, 1987
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Modiolinae	stated without evidence	Squires and Goedert, 1991
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Mytilidae	implied	Lamprell and Healy, 1998
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Mytilidae	stated without evidence	Todd, 2001
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Mytiloida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Modiolinae	stated with evidence	Rosenberg, 2005
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Mytilidae	stated with evidence	El Qot, 2006
Modiolus	genus	belongs to Mytilidae	stated without evidence	Mikkelsen, 2006

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

144

Extant Size (PBDB)

18 (13%)

First Recorded Appearance

408 - 393 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian

Environment

lagoonal,coastal,inner shelf,outer shelf,oceanic,brackish,freshwater (based on Mytilidae)

Motility

stationary, attached, epibiont (based on Modiolus)

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Modiolus)

Ontogeny

accretion (based on Mytilidae)

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: Attached, semi-infaunal or epifaunal suspension feeder, attached to algae or shells (McKerrow, 1979); EP, SE, BA, SU according to Todd (2001).

Taphonomy

aragonite, low Mg calcite,intermediate,minor ribbing (based on Mytilidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H. G. Richards and A. Harbison. 1942. Miocene invertebrate fauna of New Jersey. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 94:167-250

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Modiola (Lithophagus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	12	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Modiola (Septiola) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	4	242 Ma Middle Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiolus (Cyranus) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	37	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	190 Ma Early Jurassic
Modiolus (Inoperna) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	4	174 Ma Middle Jurassic	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Modiolus (Modiolus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	382	339 Ma Carboniferous	0 Ma Extant
Modiolus (Modiolusia) subgenus	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Modiola amygdalina ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Modiola angustissima ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	164 Ma Middle Jurassic	164 Ma Middle Jurassic
Modiola barbata species	listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Modiola bolodekensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiola costulata species	listed (PBDB)	2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Modiola decliva ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	109 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	109 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Modiola exbrocchii ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Modiola fornicata ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiola goldfussi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	4	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	237 Ma Middle Triassic
Modiola gracilis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	237 Ma Middle Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiola hartleyensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	272 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Modiola houstonia ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	4	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Modiola klipsteinii ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiola longaticensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	237 Ma Middle Triassic	237 Ma Middle Triassic
Modiola major ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Modiola marmorata species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Modiola merriami ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Modiola minuta ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiola myoconchaeformis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Modiola ocrophaius ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiola pantanellii species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	157 Ma Jurassic	157 Ma Jurassic
Modiola pictinatus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiola potomacensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Modiola praerupta ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiola pueblensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiola raibliana ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	10	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	232 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiola ravni ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiola rhombea species	listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Modiola sanharica ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	109 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	109 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Modiola schafhaeutli ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiola solenoides ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	170 Ma Middle Jurassic	170 Ma Middle Jurassic
Modiola subcarinatus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiola sulcatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Modiola transparens ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	260 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Modiola tulipea ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	164 Ma Middle Jurassic	164 Ma Middle Jurassic
Modiola visgnolae ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Modiola vomer ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	199 Ma Early Jurassic	199 Ma Early Jurassic
Modiolus addicotti ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Modiolus adelaidensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	38.0 Ma Eocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Modiolus aequalis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	20	145 Ma Late Jurassic	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Modiolus altiobliquus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolus ameghinoi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	12	33.9 Ma Oligocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Modiolus americana species	listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Modiolus americanus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Modiolus anatinus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	8	174 Ma Middle Jurassic	168 Ma Middle Jurassic
Modiolus archiskanni ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolus areolatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolus auriculatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Modiolus ausiensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Modiolus bakeri ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Modiolus balongensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Modiolus bipartitus species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	80	201 Ma Early Jurassic	152 Ma Late Jurassic
Modiolus buckmani species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	168 Ma Middle Jurassic
Modiolus capax species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	24	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Modiolus cawcawensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Modiolus columbianus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Modiolus dalli species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Modiolus dimidiatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	7	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	41.3 Ma Eocene
Modiolus ducatelii species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolus ducatellii ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	9	23.0 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Modiolus ellipticus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Modiolus extensus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	4	279 Ma Permian	265 Ma Permian
Modiolus frugi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	232 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiolus gabbi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Modiolus gejiuensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Modiolus gerthi ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	19	191 Ma Early Jurassic	182 Ma Early Jurassic
Modiolus gibbus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiolus giganteus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	38	197 Ma Early Jurassic	174 Ma Middle Jurassic
Modiolus gigantoides ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolus gigantus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	260 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Modiolus grammatus species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	33.9 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Modiolus guiyangensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolus hollicki ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Modiolus ionensis species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolus jaworskii ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	4	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiolus kelsoensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Modiolus koneckii ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	304 Ma Carboniferous	290 Ma Permian
Modiolus kutinskensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiolus latecaudatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Modiolus ligeriensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Modiolus magnus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Modiolus meganosensis species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolus micropteris species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolus minimus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	8	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Modiolus muensteri ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiolus omanensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiolus ornatus species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	15	191 Ma Early Jurassic	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Modiolus philippinarum species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Modiolus pliciferus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Modiolus porterensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Modiolus pulchellus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolus pygmaeus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	10	242 Ma Middle Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiolus raubensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	237 Ma Middle Triassic	237 Ma Middle Triassic
Modiolus restorationensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Modiolus reversus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	5	112 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Modiolus sacculifer species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Modiolus salzstettensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	16	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Modiolus sandbergeri ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Modiolus semilaevigatus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolus silentiensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Modiolus solea ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	41.3 Ma Eocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Modiolus sookensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Modiolus speciosus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	5	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Modiolus strajeskianus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	17	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	164 Ma Middle Jurassic
Modiolus subsimplex ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	7	145 Ma Late Jurassic	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Modiolus tenuistriatus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Modiolus trigonalis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	33.9 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Modiolus trinominata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Modiolus triquetra ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	252 Ma Permian	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Modiolus typicus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	13	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Modiolus virginicus species	listed (PBDB)
Modiolus wajampolkensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	33.9 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Modiolus weiyuanensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Modiolus willapaensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Modiolus ynezianus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Modiolus yunnanensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	168 Ma Middle Jurassic
Mytilus (Modiolus) cypris ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Mytilus (Modiolus) pulcher ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	164 Ma Middle Jurassic	164 Ma Middle Jurassic

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1801	Modiola Lamarck
1846	Mytilus (Modiolus) Forbes p. 152
1895	Modiola Stanton p. 48
1904	Modiolus Glenn p. 365
1923	Modiolus Clark and Arnold p. 143
1928	Modiolus Nagao p. 45
1935	Modiolus Oostingh p. 161
1941	Modiolum Görges p. 159
1980	Modiolus Sey and Kalacheva
1980	Modiolus Vokes p. 26
1984	Modiolus Moore p. 26

Year	Name and Author
1987	Modiolus Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1991	Modiolus Squires and Goedert p. 413
1998	Modiolus Lamprell and Healy p. 80
2001	Modiolus Todd
2002	Modiolus Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Modiolus Rosenberg
2006	Modiolus El Qot p. 20
2006	Modiolus Mikkelsen
2008	Modiolus Scholz et al.
2010	Modiolus Marquez-Aliaga et al. p. 193
2014	Modiolus Ros-Franch et al.

References

Richards H. G., Harbison A. (1942) Miocene invertebrate fauna of New Jersey, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 94, 167-250

Forbes E. Report on the fossil invertebrata from southern India, collected by Mr. Kaye and Mr. Cunliffe, Transactions of the Geological Society of London, Series 2 7, 97-174

Stanton T. W. Contributions to the Cretaceous paleontology of the Pacific coast. : The fauna of the Knoxville, Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 133, 1-132 doi:10.3133/b133

Glenn L. C. (1904) Pelecypoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 274-401

Clark B. L., Arnold R. (1923) Fauna of the Sooke Formation Vancouver Island, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 14 5, 123-234

Nagao T. (1928) Palaeogene fossils of the Island of Kyushu, Japan Part II, Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University 12 1, 11-140

Oostingh C. H. (1935) Die Mollusken des Pliozäns von Boemiajoe (Java), Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indië Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen 26, 1-247

Sey I. I., Kalacheva A. D. (1980) Biostratigraphy of the Lower and Middle Jurassic deposits of the Far East, Nedra Publisher, Leningrad, 187

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Moore E. J. (1984) Molluscan paleontology and biostratigraphy of the Lower Miocene upper part of the Lincoln Creek Formation in southwestern Washington, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 351, 1-42

Ward L. W., Blackwelder B.W. (1987) Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at Lee Creek Mine, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 61, 113-283

Squires R. L., Goedert J. L. (1991) New Late Eocene mollusks from localized limestone deposits formed by subduction-related methane seeps, Southwestern Washington, Journal of Paleontology 65 3, 412-416 doi:10.1017/S0022336000030389

Lamprell K., Healy J. (1998) , Bivalves of Australia 2

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of bivalves in the Panama Paleontology Project collections, [http://eusmilia.geology.uiowa.edu/database/bivalves/systemat/bivaltax.htm#list]

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Rosenberg G. (2005) Malacolog 4.0: A database of Western Atlantic marine Mollusca, [WWW database (version 4.1.0)] URL http://data.acnatsci.org/wasp

El Qot G. M. (2006) Late Cretaceous macrofossils from Sinai, Egypt, Beringeria 36, 3-163

Mikkelsen P. M. (2006) Western Atlantic Bivalves [http://peet.amnh.org/Western_Atlantic_Bivalves.html]

Scholz A., Aberhan M., et al (2008) Early Jurassic bivalves of the Antimonio terrane (Sonora, NW Mexico): Taxonomy, biogeography, and paleogeographic implications, Geological Society of America Special Paper 442, 269-312

Marquez-Aliaga A., Damborenea S., et al (2010) Bivalves from the Triassic-Jurassic transition in northern Spain (Asturias and western Basque-Cantabrian Basin), Ameghiniana 47 2, 185-205

Ros-Franch S., Márquez-Aliaga A., et al (2014) Comprehensive database on Induan (Lower Triassic) to Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) marine bivalve genera and their paleobiogeographic record, Paleontological Contributions 8, 1-219

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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