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Hipparionini ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	65579	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65579

Rank

tribe (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hipparionini

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
order	Perissodactyla
suborder	Lophodontomorpha	Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
infraorder	Euperissodactyla	Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
-	Hippomorpha
superfamily	Equoidea	Hay 1902
family	Equidae	Gray 1821
subfamily	Equinae	Steinmann and Döderlein 1890
tribe	Hipparionini	Quinn 1955

Common Name

hipparionine horse

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hipparionini	tribe	belongs to Equinae	stated without evidence	Quinn, 1955
Hipparionini	tribe	belongs to Equidae	stated without evidence	Mooser, 1963
Hipparionini	tribe	belongs to Equinae	stated without evidence	Baskin, 1991
Hipparionini	tribe	belongs to Equinae	stated with evidence	Kelly, 1995
Hipparionini	tribe	belongs to Equidae	stated without evidence	Hulbert and Whitmore, 2006
Hipparionini	tribe	belongs to Equinae	stated without evidence	Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquía-Villafranca, 2006

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

23.0 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene

Last Recorded Appearance

0.78 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

grazer, browser (based on Equinae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. H. Quinn. 1955. Miocene Equidae of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain. Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas Report of Investigations 5516:1-102

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cormohipparion ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	118	23.0 Ma Miocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Eurygnathohippus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	120	23.0 Ma Miocene	1.81 Ma Pleistocene
Hipparion ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	624	23.0 Ma Miocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Hippotherium ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	145	23.0 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Nannippus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	170	23.0 Ma Miocene	1.80 Ma Pleistocene
Neohipparion ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	147	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Pseudhipparion ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	157	23.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1882	Hippotherium sinclairi Wortman p. 73
1889	Hippotherium sinclairii Cope p. 434
1889	Hipparion sinclairi Matthew
1896	Hipparion sinclairi Roger
1898	Hipparion sinclairi Trouessart
1902	Hipparion sinclairii Hay p. 621
1905	Neohipparion sinclairi Trouessart
1907	Neohipparion sinclairi Gidley p. 900
1907	Neohipparion sinclairi Merriam and Stock
1909	Neohipparion sinclairi Matthew
1916	Hipparion anthonyi Merriam
1918	Hipparion anthonyi Osborn p. 190 figs. Text Fig. 153
1918	Hipparion sinclairi Osborn p. 196 figs. Text Fig. 159
1924	Hipparion sinclairi Matthew
1925	Hipparion sinclairi Merriam et al. p. 76

Year	Name and Author
1928	Hipparion sinclairi Merriam and Stock p. 13
1930	Hipparion sinclairi Hay
1930	Hipparion sinclairi Matthew and Stirton
1940	Hipparion anthonyi Stirton p. 184
1940	Neohipparion sinclairi Stirton p. 1834
1952	Neohipparion sinclairi Stirton
1955	Hipparionini Quinn p. 58
1963	Hipparionini Mooser p. 393
1991	Hipparionini Baskin p. 999
1995	Hipparionini Kelly p. 24
1998	Hipparionini MacFadden p. 547
2006	Hipparionini Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquía-Villafranca p. 780
2006	Hipparionini Hulbert and Whitmore p. 13
2008	Hipparionini Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquia-Villafranca

References

Quinn J. H. (1955) Miocene Equidae of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain, Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas Report of Investigations 5516, 1-102

Cope E. D. A review of the North American species of Hippotherium, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 26 130, 429-458

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Gidley J. W. (1907) Revision of the Miocene and Pliocene Equidae of North America, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 23 35, 865-934

Matthew W. D. (1909) The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9, 289-567

Merriam J. C. (1916) Mammalian Remains From a Late Tertiary Formation at Ironside, Oregon, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 10 9, 129-135

Osborn H. F. (1918) Equidae of the Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene of North America, iconographic type revision, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 2 1, 1-217

Matthew W. D. (1924) Third contribution to the Snake Creek Fauna, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 50, 59-210

Merriam J. C., Stock C., et al (1925) The Pliocene Rattlesnake Formation and fauna of eastern Oregon, with notes on teh geology of the Rattlesnake and Mascall deposits, Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 347 3, 43-92

Matthew W. D., Stirton R. A. (1930) Equidae from the Pliocene of Texas, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 19 17, 349-396

Stirton R. A. (1940) Phylogeny of North American Equidae, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 25 4, 165-198

Mooser O. (1963) Neohipparion monias n. sp. equido fosil del Plioceno de la Mesa Central de Mexico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, Anales 34, 393-396

Kelly T. S. (1995) New Miocene horses from the Caliente Formation, Cuyama Valley Badlands, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 455, 1-33

MacFadden B. J. (1998) Equidae, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 537-559

Bravo-Cuevas V. M., Ferrusquía-Villafranca I. (2006) Merychippus (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the Middle Miocene of state of Oaxaca, southeastern Mexico, Géobios 39, 771-784

Hulbert R. C., Whitmore F. C. (2006) Late Miocene mammals from the Mauvilla Local Fauna, Alabama, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 46 1, 1-28

Bravo-Cuevas V. M., Ferrusquia-Villafranca I. (2008) Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the middle Miocene of Oaxaca, southeastern Mexico, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 1, 243-250 doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[243:CMPEFT]2.0.CO;2

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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