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Turridae

Photos

Photo Gallery

Protosurcula gabbi

Lake Nacogdoches spillway, Nacogdoches County, Texas, USA

Surculoma sp.

Lake Nacogdoches spillway, Nacogdoches County, Texas, USA

Protosurcula gabbi

Lake Nacogdoches spillway, Nacogdoches County, Texas, USA

Surculoma sp.

Lake Nacogdoches spillway, Nacogdoches County, Texas, USA

Protosurcula gabbi

Lake Nacogdoches spillway, Nacogdoches County, Texas, USA

Surculoma sp.

Lake Nacogdoches spillway, Nacogdoches County, Texas, USA

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	62680	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=62680

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Turridae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Prosobranchia	Milne-Edwards 1848
superorder	Caenogastropoda	Cox 1959
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Conoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Turridae	Swainson 1840

Common Name

turrid

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Turridae	family	belongs to Gastropoda	stated without evidence	Clark and Arnold, 1923
Turridae	family	belongs to Rachigdossa	stated without evidence	Olsson, 1931
Turridae	family	belongs to Gastropoda	stated without evidence	Turner, 1938
Turridae	family	belongs to Toxoglossa	stated without evidence	Stephenson, 1941
Turridae	family	belongs to Conacea	stated without evidence	Sohl, 1964
Turridae	family	belongs to Volutacea	stated without evidence	Sohl, 1964
Turridae	family	belongs to Neogastropoda	stated without evidence	Addicott, 1970
Turridae	family	belongs to Conacea	stated without evidence	Hickman, 1976
Turridae	family	belongs to Volutacea	stated with evidence	Ward and Blackwelder, 1987
Turridae	family	belongs to Conoidea	stated with evidence	Ponder and Warén, 1988
Turridae	family	belongs to Neogastropoda	stated without evidence	Squires, 1988
Turridae	family	belongs to Conoidea	implied	Wilson, 1994
Turridae	family	belongs to Conoidea	stated without evidence	Sysoev, 1996
Turridae	family	belongs to Conoidea	implied	Beesley, 1998
Turridae	family	belongs to Conoidea	stated without evidence	Harzhauser and Mandic, 2001
Turridae	family	belongs to Conoidea	stated with evidence	Bouchet et al., 2005
Turridae	family	belongs to Conoidea	stated without evidence	Harzhauser, 2007
Turridae	family	belongs to Neogastropoda	stated without evidence	Wienrich and Janssen, 2007
Turridae	family	belongs to Conoidea	stated with evidence	Bouchet et al., 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

732

Extant Size (PBDB)

152 (21%)

First Recorded Appearance

272 - 269 Ma
Permian

Motility

actively mobile (based on Turridae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Turridae)

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: Predatory carnivores according to Todd (2001).

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. L. Beesley. 1998. Mollusca: the southern synthesis. Fauna of Australia 5

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Clavatulidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1,033	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Pseudomelaniidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	952	272 Ma Permian	0 Ma Extant
Borsoniinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	54	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Cryptoconinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Daphinellinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Drilliinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	105	41.3 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Drillinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	7	21.7 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Turrinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	278	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Adelocythara ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	5.33 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Amekicythara ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Amuletum genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	79	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Andicula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	48.6 Ma Eocene
Awateria genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Beretra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	57	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cochlespirella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Cochlespiropsis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	56.0 Ma Paleocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Coronia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	165	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	23.0 Ma Miocene
Cryptogemma genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Decollidrillia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Eoclathurella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Eopleurotoma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	196	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	23.0 Ma Miocene
Eosurcula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	65	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	41.3 Ma Eocene
Epalxis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	56.0 Ma Paleocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Epidirella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Eucheilodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	19	47.8 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Fusimilis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	20	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gemmula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	471	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Genotia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	16	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Glabrocythara ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Hemisurcula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	20	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	41.3 Ma Eocene
Hesperiturris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	26	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	37.2 Ma Eocene
Infracoronia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	38.0 Ma Eocene
Iotyrris genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Kuroshioturris genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Lepicythara ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	35	23.0 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Lophiotoma genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	46	61.6 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Lucerapex genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Lurifax ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Lutema ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lyrosurcula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	35	59.2 Ma Paleocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Megasurcula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	40	28.1 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Michela ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	50	56.0 Ma Paleocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Muteluma genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nasavusavuia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Optoturris ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	41.3 Ma Eocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Pachycythara ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	145 Ma Late Jurassic	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Parasyngenochilus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	41.3 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Perrona genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	43	28.1 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Pleurofusia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	175	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Polystira genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	275	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Procerapex ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	26	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Protosurcula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	35	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	41.3 Ma Eocene
Pseudorhaphitoma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Ptychosyrinx genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	17	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Remnita ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Scobinella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	94	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Sedilia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	14	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Sinistrella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	47.8 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Surculites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	74	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Surculoma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	46	59.2 Ma Paleocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Trachelochetus genus	listed (PBDB)	4	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Trypanotoma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	32	61.6 Ma Paleocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Trypanotopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Turridrupa genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Turrinosyrinx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	16	47.8 Ma Eocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Turris genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	335	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Unedogemmula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	116	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Vaughanites genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Xenuroturris genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1840	Turridae Swainson
1923	Turritidae Clark and Arnold p. 157
1931	Turridae Olsson p. 118
1938	Turridae Turner p. 68
1941	Turritidae Stephenson p. 369
1957	Turridae Rivera p. 186
1964	Turridae Sohl p. 274
1970	Turridae Addicott p. 127
1976	Turridae Hickman p. 33
1980	Turridae Hickman p. 80
1984	Turridae Squires p. 36
1987	Turridae Squires p. 47
1987	Turridae Ward and Blackwelder p. 132

Year	Name and Author
1988	Turridae Ponder and Warén p. 307
1988	Turridae Squires p. 16
1994	Turridae Wilson p. 181
1996	Turridae Sysoev p. 22
1998	Turridae Beesley p. 847
1999	Turridae Squires p. 21
2001	Turridae Harzhauser and Mandic p. 714
2001	Turridae Todd
2004	Turridae Stilwell et al. p. 48
2005	Turridae Bouchet et al. p. 256
2007	Turridae Harzhauser p. 109
2007	Turridae Wienrich and Janssen p. 654
2011	Turridae Bouchet et al. pp. 296 - 297

References

Beesley P. L. (1998) Mollusca: the southern synthesis, Fauna of Australia 5

Clark B. L., Arnold R. (1923) Fauna of the Sooke Formation Vancouver Island, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 14 5, 123-234

Olsson A. A. (1931) Contributions to the Tertiary Paleontology of Northern Peru: Part 4, The Peruvian Oligocene, Bulletins of American Paleontology 17 63

Turner F. E. (1938) Stratigraphy and Mollusca of the Eocene of western Oregon, Geological Society of America Special Paper 10, 1-130

Stephenson L. W. (1941) The larger invertebrate fossils of the Navarro group of Texas, The University of Texas Publication 4101, 1-625

Rivera R. (1957) Moluscos fosiles de la Formacion Paracas, Dpto. de Ica, Sociedad Geologica del Peru Primer Congreso Nacional de Geologia Anales - Parte II 32, 165-219

Sohl N. F. (1964) Gastropods from the coffee Sand (Upper Cretaceous) of Mississippi, USGS Professional Paper 331C, 345-394

Addicott W.O. (1970) Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642, 1-172

Hickman C. J. (1976) Bathyal gastropods of the family Turridae in the Early Oligocene Keasey Formation in Oregon, with a review of some deep-water genera in the Paleocene of the Eastern Pacific, Bulletins of American Paleontology 70 292, 1-119

Hickman C. S. (1980) Paleogene Marine Gastropods of the Keasey Formation in Oregon, Bulletins of American Paleontology 78 310, 1-112

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Ward L. W., Blackwelder B.W. (1987) Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at Lee Creek Mine, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 61, 113-283

Ponder W. F., Warén A. (1988) Appendix: classification of the Caenogastropoda and Heterostropha - a list of the family-group names and higher taxa, Malacological Review Suppl. 4, 288-326

Squires R. L. (1988) Eocene Macropaleontology of Northern Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California, Contributions in Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 398, 1-23

Wilson B. (1994) , Australian Marine Shells 2

Sysoev A. V. (1996) Taxonomic notes on South African deep-sea conoidean gastropods (Gastropoda: Conoidea) described by K. H. Barnard, 1963, The Nautilus 110 1, 22-29

Harzhauser M., Mandic O. (2001) Late Oligocene gastropods and bivalves from the Lower and Upper Austrian Molasse Basin, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schriftenreihe der Erdwissenschaftlichen Komimissionen 14, 671-795

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of gastropods in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Stilwell J. D., Zinsmeister W. J., et al (2004) Early Paleocene Mollusks of Antarctica: Systematics, Paleoecology and Paleobiogeographic Significance, Bulletins of American Paleontology 367

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P, et al (2005) A nomenclator and classification of gastropod family-group names, Malacologia 47 1-2, 1-368

Harzhauser M. (2007) Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific., Palaeontographica Abteilung A 280, 75-121

Wienrich G., Janssen R. (2007) Die Fauna des marinen Miozäns von Kevelaer (Niederrhein). Band 4 Gastropoda ab Mitridae, Backhuys Publishers BV Leiden 4, 643-954

Bouchet P., Kantor Yu. I., et al (2011) A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda), Journal of Molluscan Studies 77 3, 273-308 doi:10.1093/mollus/eyr017

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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