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Dugonginae

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	53125	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53125

Rank

subfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Sirenia : Dugongidae : Dugonginae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pansirenia	Velez-Juarbe and Wood 2019
-	Sirenia
family	Dugongidae	Gray 1821
subfamily	Dugonginae	Gray 1821

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Dugonginae	subfamily	belongs to Dugongidae	stated without evidence	Simpson, 1932
Dugonginae	subfamily	belongs to Dugongidae	stated with evidence	Velez-Juarbe and Domning, 2015
Dugonginae	subfamily	belongs to Dugongidae	stated without evidence	Berta, 2017
Dugonginae	subfamily	belongs to Dugongidae	stated with evidence	Velez-Juarbe and Wood, 2019
Dugonginae	subfamily	belongs to Dugongidae	stated without evidence	Samonds et al., 2019

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (10%)

First Recorded Appearance

33.9 - 28.1 Ma
Oligocene

Environment

marine (based on Sirenia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore (based on Dugongidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Sirenia)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. E. Gray. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15:296-310

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Bharatisiren ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	28.1 Ma Oligocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Callistosiren ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Corystosiren ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	10.3 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Crenatosiren ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	33.9 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Culebratherium ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Dioplotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	28.1 Ma Oligocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Domningia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Dugong genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Dugong	14	7.25 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Italosiren ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Kutchisiren ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Norosiren ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Rytiodus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Xenosiren ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	10.3 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1821	Dugonginae Gray p. 309
1913	Halicorinae Abel p. 358
1914	Rhytiodinae Abel p. 217
1919	Halicorinae Abel p. 835
1932	Dugonginae Simpson p. 424
1941	Dugonginae Kretzoi p. 154
1941	Rytiodontinae Kretzoi p. 155
1959	Dugonginae Reinhart p. 63
1963	Dugonginae Scheffer and Rice p. 4
1973	Rytiodontinae Heal p. 89
1978	Dugonginae Domning
1978	Dugonginae Husar p. 1
1985	Dugonginae Barnes et al. p. 33
1987	Thelriopiinae Pilleri p. 65
1990	Rytiodontinae Domning p. 361
1991	Rytiodontinae Domning p. 398
1991	Rytiodontinae Toledo and Domning p. 122
1994	Dugonginae Domning p. 189
1995	Dugonginae Domning and Furusawa p. 508

Year	Name and Author
1996	Dugonginae Domning p. 390
1997	Dugonginae Bajpai and Domning p. 219
1997	Dugonginae Domning p. 398
1998	Dugonginae Rice
1999	Rytiodontinae Bergqvist et al. p. 31
2006	Dugonginae Bajpai et al. p. 405
2006	Dugonginae Pledge p. 295
2008	Dugonginae Domning
2008	Dugonginae Domning and Aguilera p. 480
2009	Dugonginae Thewissen and Bajpai p. 7
2010	Dugonginae Bajpai et al. p. 42
2011	Dugonginae Domning p. 1340
2012	Dugonginae Velez-Juarbe et al. p. 588
2015	Dugonginae Velez-Juarbe and Domning p. 2
2017	Dugonginae Berta p. 170
2017	Dugonginae Voss et al. p. 165
2018	Dugonginae Domning p. 251
2019	Dugonginae Samonds et al. p. 2
2019	Dugonginae Velez-Juarbe and Wood

References

Gray J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals, The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15, 296-310

Abel O. (1913) Die eocanen Sirenen der Mittelmeerregion. Erster Tiel: Der Schadel von Eotherium aegyptiacum, Palaeontographica 59, 289-360

Abel O. (1919) Die Stämme der Wirbeltiere, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Leipzig, 914 p.

Simpson G. G. (1932) Fossil Sirenia of Florida and the evolution of the Sirenia, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 59 8, 419-503

Kretzoi M. (1941) Sirenavus hungaricus N. G. N. Sp., ein Neuer Prorastomide aus dem Mitteleozan (Lutetium) von Felsogallia in Ungarn, Annales Musei Nationalis Hungaricic Pars Mineralogica, Geologica et Palaeontologica 34, 146-156

Reinhart R. H. (1959) A review of the Sirenia and Desmostylia, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 36 1, 1-146

Scheffer V. B., Rice D. W. (1963) A list of the marine mammals of the world, United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 431, 1-12

Heal G. J. (1973) Contributions to the Study of Sirenian Evolution, 1-245

Pilleri G. (1987) , The Sirenia of the Swiss Molasse, 1-114

Domning D. P. (1990) Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean Region, IV. Corystosiren varguezi, gen. et sp. nov., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10 3, 361-371

Domning D. P. (1991) A new genus for Halitherium olseni Reinhart, 1976, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11 3, 398-398

Toledo P. M., Domning D. P. (1991) Fossil Sirenia (Mammalia: Dugongidae) from the Pirabas Formation (Early Miocene), Northern Brazil, Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Ciências da Terra 1 2, 119-146

Domning D. P., Furusawa H. (1995) Summary of taxa and distribution of Sirenia in the North Pacific Ocean, The Island Arc 3, 506-512

Domning D. P. (1996) Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 80, 1-611

Bajpai S., Domning D. P. (1997) A new dugongine sirenian from the early Miocene of India, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 1, 219-228

Domning D. P. (1997) Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean Region. VI. Crenatosiren olseni (Reinhart, 1976), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 2, 397-412

Rice D. W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution, The Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication 4, 1-231

Bergqvist L. P., Drehmer C. J., et al (1999) Aquatic mammal fossils from Brazil: A review 4 6, 28-32

Bajpai S., Thewissen J. G. M., et al (2006) Eocene and Oligocene sirenians (Mammalia) from Kachchh, India, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 2, 400-410

Pledge N. S. (2006) Sirenians in southern Australia - first fossil record, Alcheringia SI 1, 295-305

Domning D. P. (2008) Sirenia, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America II, 629-638

Domning D. P., Aguilera O. A. (2008) Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbeaan Region. VIII. Nanosiren garciae, gen. et sp. nov. and Nanosiren sanchezi, sp. nov., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 2, 479-500

Thewissen J. G. M., Bajpai S. (2009) A new Miocene sirenian from Kutch, India, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 1, 7-13

Bajpai S., Domning D. P., et al (2010) A new fossil sirenian (Mammalia, Dugonginae) from the Miocene of India, Neus Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaeontologie, Abhandlungen 258 1, 39-50 doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0082

Domning D. P. (2011) Rytiodus heali, sp. nov., A new sirenian (Mammalia, Dugonginae) from the Miocene of Libya, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 6, 1338-1355

Velez-Juarbe J., Noriega J. I., et al (2012) Fossil dugongidae (Mammalia, Sirenia) from the Prana Formatino (Late Miocene) of Entre Rios Province, Argentina, Amghiniana 49 4, 585-593

Velez-Juarbe J., Domning D. P. (2015) Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. XI. Callistosiren boriquensis, gen. et sp. nov., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e885034 doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.885034

Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198

Voss M., Sorbi S., et al (2017) Morphological and systematic re-assessment of the late Oligocene “Halitherium” bellunense reveals a new crown group genus of Sirenia, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62 1, 163-172 doi:10.4202/app.00287.2016

Domning D. P. (2018) Fossil Sirenia (Mammalia) of the Miocene Chesapeake Group, Eastern United States, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 100, 241-265

Samonds K. E., Ernat R. A., et al (2019) New Miocene sirenians from Nosy Makamby, northwestern Madagascar, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1570223 doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570223

Velez-Juarbe J., Wood A. (2019) An early Miocene dugongine (Sirenia: Dugongidae) from Panama, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1511799

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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