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Dugongidae
Description | The Dugongidae are a family in the order of Sirenia. The family has one surviving species, the dugong (Dugong dugon), one recently extinct species, Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas), and a number of extinct genera known from fossil records. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugongidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Source Data |
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Rank | family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Sirenia : Dugongidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Sirenia : Dugongidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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Common Name | dugong | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scientific Name | Dugongidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name Published In | London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.309 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opinions (PBDB) |
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Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxon Size (PBDB) | 98 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Extant Size (PBDB) | 5 (5.1%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First Recorded Appearance | 56.0 - 41.3 Ma Eocene | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Environment | marine (based on Sirenia) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Motility | actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diet | herbivore | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reproduction | viviparous (based on Sirenia) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taphonomy | phosphatic (based on Vertebrata) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. E. Gray. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15:296-310 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Name(s) | Dugongs, Sea Cows, Dugong, ジュゴン, Dugong And Sea Cow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugongidae |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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Dugonginae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 68 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Halitheriinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 28 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Hydrodamalinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 69 | 16.0 Ma Miocene | 0.01 Ma Pleistocene | |
Rytiodinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Anisosiren ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 47.8 Ma Eocene | 47.8 Ma Eocene | |
Bharatisiren ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
Caribosiren ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | |
Corystosiren ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 10.3 Ma Miocene | 5.33 Ma Miocene | |
Dioplotherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 19 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 5.33 Ma Miocene | |
Domningia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
Dugong genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Dugong | 14 | 7.25 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant |
Dusisiren ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 20 | 16.0 Ma Miocene | 5.33 Ma Miocene | |
Eosiren ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 21 | 47.8 Ma Eocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Eotheroides ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 34 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
Halitherium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Hydrodamalis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Steller's Sea Cow | 47 | 11.6 Ma Miocene | 0.01 Ma Pleistocene |
Indosiren ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 12.7 Ma Miocene | |
Ischyrotherium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Kaupitherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Kutchisiren ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
Lentiarenium ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
Metaxytherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 213 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 3.60 Ma Pliocene | |
Miodugong ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
Nanosiren ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 12 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 5.33 Ma Miocene | |
Paralitherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
Priscosiren ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | |
Prohalicore ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
Prototherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 23 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Rytiodus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 10 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 11.6 Ma Miocene | |
Sirenavus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
Xenosiren ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 10.3 Ma Miocene | 10.3 Ma Miocene |
Obsolete Names
Synonymy List
Year | Name and Author |
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1821 | Dugongidae Gray p. 309 |
1824 | Hippopotamus dubius Cuvier |
1825 | Halicoridae Gray p. 340 |
1838 | Manatus renggeri Bronn p. 840 |
1838 | Halytherium Kaup p. 319 |
1838 | Halytherium dubium Kaup p. 319 figs. Plate II |
1838 | Pugmeodon schinzii Kaup p. 319 |
1838 | Halitherium Kaup p. 536 |
1844 | Manatus dubius Blainville |
1844 | Manatus schinzii Blainville |
1844 | Manatus guettardi Blainville pp. 122-124 |
1846 | Metaxytherium guettardi Laurillard p. 172 |
1846 | Halianassa collinii Von Meyer p. 328 |
1847 | Halitherium guettardi Gervais p. 221 |
1847 | Pygmaeodon schinzii Giebel p. 230 |
1849 | Trachytherium Gervais p. 644 |
1849 | Trachytherium raulinii Gervais p. 644 |
1849 | Trachytherium Gervais p. 645 |
1852 | Halitherium dubium Kaup p. 145 |
1853 | Halitherium Bronn p. 777 |
1853 | Halitherium schinzi Bronn p. 780 |
1853 | Trachytherium Bronn p. 789 |
1853 | Trachytherium raulini Bronn p. 789 |
1853 | Halitherium Pictet p. 373 |
1853 | Trachytherium Pictet p. 374 |
1858 | Halitherium kaupi Krauss p. 528 |
1868 | Halicorida Brandt p. 344 |
1872 | Halicoroidea Gill p. 91 |
1872 | Halicoridae Gill p. 92 |
1872 | Halicoroidea Gill p. 92 |
1872 | Halitherium Gill p. 92 |
1872 | Trachytherium Gill p. 92 |
1883 | Halicoridae Flower p. 184 |
1884 | Halitherium chouqueti Gaudry p. 373 figs. Plate XVII |
1885 | Halitherium dubium Woodward p. 425 |
1885 | Halitherium schinzi Woodward p. 425 |
1885 | Trachytherium Woodward p. 425 |
1885 | Trachytherium raulini Woodward p. 425 |
1886 | Manatherium delheidi Hartlaub p. 378 |
1887 | Halitherium Deperet p. 273 |
1887 | Halitherium Lydekker p. 5 |
1887 | Halitherium schinzi Lydekker p. 7 |
1889 | Halicoridae Cope p. 876 |
1890 | Halicoridae Cope p. 698 |
1890 | Halitherium Cope p. 698 |
1891 | Halicoridae Flower and Lydekker p. 89 |
1891 | Halitherium Newton p. 48 |
1895 | Halitherium raulinii Deperet p. 410 |
1895 | Halicoridae Flores p. 15 |
1898 | Manatherium delheidi Trouessart p. 999 |
1898 | Halicoridae Trouessart p. 1003 |
1898 | Halitherium Trouessart p. 1004 |
1898 | Halitherium schinzi Trouessart p. 1004 |
1903 | Dugongidae Rhoads p. 246 |
1904 | Halitherium schinzi Abel p. 215 |
1904 | Manatherium delheidi Trouessart p. 748 |
1904 | Halicoridae Trouessart p. 749 |
1904 | Halitherium Trouessart p. 749 |
1904 | Halitherium schinzi Trouessart p. 749 |
1904 | Halitherium chouqueti Trouessart p. 750 |
1906 | Halicoridae Andrews p. 197 |
1911 | Halicoridae Jaekel p. 245 |
1912 | Halicoridae Turner p. 145 |
1916 | Halitherium antillense Matthew p. 25 |
1919 | Halicoridae Abel p. 833 |
1925 | Halitherium uytterhoeveni Abel p. 39 |
1925 | Halitherium Zittel p. 265 |
1925 | Halitherium schinzi Zittel p. 265 |
1928 | Halicoridae Weber p. 495 |
1930 | Halitherium Hay p. 656 |
1932 | Dugongidae Simpson p. 423 |
1932 | Halitherium Simpson p. 424 |
1932 | Halitherium alleni Simpson p. 445 figs. Plate II, Fig. 1 |
1934 | Protosiren dubia Sickenberg p. 190 |
1934 | Halitherium schinzi Sickenberg p. 271 |
1941 | Dugongidae Kretzoi p. 154 |
1941 | Halitherium Kretzoi p. 154 |
1952 | Dugongidae Sherman p. 98 |
1959 | Dugongidae Reinhart p. 63 |
1963 | Dugongidae Scheffer and Rice p. 4 |
1966 | Felsinotherium alleni Kellogg p. 91 |
1973 | Dugongidae Heal p. 89 |
Year | Name and Author |
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1973 | Halitherium Heal p. 199 |
1974 | Metaxytherium alleni Fondi and Pacini p. 45 |
1976 | Dugongidae Reinhart p. 199 |
1976 | Halitherium Reinhart p. 236 |
1978 | Halitherium Domning |
1978 | Dugongidae Husar p. 1 |
1980 | Dugongidae Kurten and Anderson p. 340 |
1982 | Halitherium schinzi Fischer and Krumbiegel |
1985 | Dugongidae Barnes et al. p. 33 |
1985 | Dugongidae de Muizon and Domning p. 192 |
1986 | Dugongidae Takahashi et al. p. 300 |
1987 | Halianassa schinzii Domning p. 123 |
1987 | Halitherium schinzi lareolensis Pilleri p. 46 |
1987 | Halitherium schinzii lareolensis Pilleri p. 46 figs. Plate XXVII |
1988 | Dugongidae Carroll |
1988 | Halitherium Carroll |
1988 | Dugongidae Domning p. 399 |
1988 | Dugongidae PIlleri p. 46 |
1989 | Dugongidae Pilleri et al. p. 17 |
1991 | Dugongidae Domning p. 398 |
1991 | Dugongidae Nowak |
1991 | Dugongidae Toledo and Domning p. 122 |
1994 | Dugongidae Aranda-Manteca et al. p. 192 |
1994 | Dugongidae Domning p. 189 |
1994 | Halitherium Domning p. 189 |
1994 | Halitherium schinzii Domning p. 189 |
1994 | Dugongidae Furusawa and Kohno p. 27 |
1995 | Dugongidae Domning and Furusawa p. 506 |
1996 | Dugongidae Domning p. 382 |
1996 | Halitherium Domning p. 384 |
1996 | Halitherium alleni Domning p. 384 |
1996 | Halitherium antillense Domning p. 384 |
1996 | Halitherium schinzii Domning p. 384 |
1997 | Dugongidae Bajpai and Domning p. 219 |
1997 | Dugongidae Domning p. 398 |
1998 | Dugongidae Rice |
1999 | Dugongidae Bergqvist et al. p. 31 |
2001 | Dugongidae Sach and Heizmann p. 42 |
2001 | Dugongidae Sagne p. 473 |
2001 | Halitherium Sagne p. 473 |
2001 | Halitherium schinzii Sagne p. 473 |
2001 | Halitherium taulannense Sagne p. 473 figs. Figure 1 |
2002 | Dugongidae Rice p. 232 figs. Table 1 |
2002 | Halitherium Sepkoski, Jr. |
2006 | Halitherium Clementz et al. p. 360 |
2006 | Halitherium taulannense Clementz et al. p. 360 |
2006 | Dugongidae Pledge p. 295 |
2007 | Halitherium schinzi Voss p. 45 |
2008 | Dugongidae Domning |
2008 | Halitherium Domning |
2008 | Halitherium alleni Domning |
2008 | Halitherium antillense Domning |
2008 | Halitherium schinzii Domning |
2008 | Dugongidae Domning and Aguilera p. 480 |
2008 | Dugongidae Voss p. 259 |
2008 | Halitherium Voss p. 259 |
2008 | Halitherium schinzii Voss p. 259 |
2009 | Dugongidae Rice p. 235 figs. Table 1 |
2009 | Dugongidae Samonds and Zalmout p. 1235 |
2009 | Dugongidae Thewissen and Bajpai p. 7 |
2010 | Dugongidae Bajpai et al. p. 42 |
2010 | Dugongidae Canto et al. p. 20 |
2011 | Dugongidae Bianucci et al. p. 574 |
2011 | Dugongidae Domning p. 1340 |
2011 | Dugongidae Voss |
2011 | Halitherium Voss |
2012 | Dugongidae Domning and Pervesler p. 136 |
2012 | Dugongidae Sorbi et al. p. 688 |
2012 | Dugongidae Velez-Juarbe et al. p. 587 |
2012 | Dugongidae Zalmout and Gingerich p. 37 |
2014 | Dugongidae Velez-Juarbe and Domning p. 951 |
2015 | Dugongidae Velez-Juarbe and Domning p. 2 |
2016 | Dugongidae Balaguer and Alba |
2016 | Dugongidae Voss et al. p. 6 |
2017 | Dugongidae Berta p. 170 |
2017 | Dugongidae Voss and Hampe p. 341 |
2017 | Dugongidae Voss et al. p. 165 |
2018 | Dugongidae Domning p. 246 |
2018 | Halitherium Domning p. 857 figs. Fig. 1 |
2018 | Dugongidae Gol'din et al. |
2019 | Dugongidae Samonds et al. p. 2 |
2019 | Dugongidae Velez-Juarbe and Wood |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
Central Florida Phosphate Mining District, Polk County, Florida, USA