Cesanite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Cesanite
Formula:
Na3Ca2(SO4)3(OH)
Colour:
Colorless, white
Lustre:
Greasy, Silky
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.786
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
After the type locality, the Cesano No. 1 well, Cesano geothermal field, Bracciano Lake, Rome Province, Latium, Italy.
This page provides mineralogical data about Cesanite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
938
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:938:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
5a63a50b-1b35-4784-8d60-9a3a2cd2bd9d
IMA Classification of Cesanite
Classification of Cesanite
7.BD.20
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
30.3.3.1
30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq
30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq
25.4.5
25 : Sulphates
4 : Sulphates of Ca, Sr and Ba
25 : Sulphates
4 : Sulphates of Ca, Sr and Ba
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Csa | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Cesanite
Greasy, Silky
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Single crystals appear greasy, aggregates appear silky.
Colour:
Colorless, white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Very Good
Pronounced, normal to the elongation.
Pronounced, normal to the elongation.
Density:
2.786(2) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.83 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Cesanite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.570(2) nε = 1.564(2)
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.006
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Comments:
Negative elongation.
Chemistry of Cesanite
Mindat Formula:
Na3Ca2(SO4)3(OH)
Crystallography of Cesanite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6 - Trigonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P6
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.4630(8) Å, c = 6.9088(5) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.73
Unit Cell V:
535.79 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Short prismatic, hexagonal shaped, with a length to diameter ratio between 2:1 and 4:1. Striations on the prism faces.
Forms include the prism {1010}, pyramid {1011}, pinacoid {0001}, and another pyramid {101l}.
Forms include the prism {1010}, pyramid {1011}, pinacoid {0001}, and another pyramid {101l}.
Twinning:
Occassional twins accoridng to {1010}.
Comment:
P-6 according to Piotrowski et al. (2002). Originally assumed to be P63/m.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0002812 | Cesanite | Piotrowski A, Kahlenberg V, Fischer R X, Lee Y, Parise J B (2002) The crystal structures of cesanite and its synthetic analogue - A comparison American Mineralogist 87 715-720 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002813 | Cesanite | Piotrowski A, Kahlenberg V, Fischer R X, Lee Y, Parise J B (2002) The crystal structures of cesanite and its synthetic analogue - A comparison American Mineralogist 87 715-720 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0014476 | Cesanite | Tazzoli V (1983) The crystal structure of cesanite, Ca1+xNa4-x(SO4)3(OH)x*(1-x)H2O, a sulphate isotypic of apatite Mineralogical Magazine 47 59-63 | 1983 | core samples of the Cesano I geothermal well, Cesano area, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.727 Å | (100) |
3.448 Å | (87) |
1.844 Å | (71) |
3.896 Å | (66) |
2.822 Å | (60) |
2.636 Å | (49) |
2.269 Å | (47) |
Comments:
Cesano, Italy. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
46 : Near-surface hydrothermal alteration of minerals (see also #22) |
Type Occurrence of Cesanite
General Appearance of Type Material:
A solid vein, 1 cm thick. Also as a cavity-filling in an explosive breccia. The vein has a sugary texture and grain size ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 mm. Individual crystals, mostly subhedral and loosely packed, can be easily removed.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the Museum of Mineralogy of the University of Rome (specimen no. 24316/1). Material from the same vein has been also presented to the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Austria) and to the City Museum of Natural History, Milan (Italy).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Core sample from a geothermal well in volcanic and pyroclastic rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Cesanite
Other Language Names for Cesanite
Relationship of Cesanite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Aiolosite | Na4Bi(SO4)3Cl | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Caracolite | Na3Pb2(SO4)3Cl | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Fluorphosphohedyphane | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3F | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Fluorsigaiite | Ca2Sr3(PO4)3F | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Hedyphane | Ca2Pb3(AsO4)3Cl | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
Hydroxylhedyphane | Ca2Pb3(AsO4)3(OH) | Trig. 3 : P3 |
Miyahisaite | (Sr,Ca)2Ba3(PO4)3F | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Morelandite | Ca2Ba3(AsO4)3Cl | Hex. |
Parafiniukite | Ca2Mn3(PO4)3Cl | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Phosphohedyphane | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
UM2002-53-PO:CaHPb | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
7.BD. | Adanite | Pb2(Te4+O3)(SO4) |
7.BD. | Hasanovite | KNa(MoO2)(SO4)2 |
7.BD. | Evanichite | Pb6Cr3+(Cr6+O4)2(SO4)(OH)7FCl |
7.BD. | Kennygayite | [Pb4O2(OH)2](SO4) |
7.BD.05 | Sulphohalite | Na6(SO4)2FCl |
7.BD.10 | Galeite | Na15(SO4)5F4Cl |
7.BD.10 | Schairerite | Na21(SO4)7ClF6 |
7.BD.15 | Kogarkoite | Na3(SO4)F |
7.BD.20 | Caracolite | Na3Pb2(SO4)3Cl |
7.BD.20 | Aiolosite | Na4Bi(SO4)3Cl |
7.BD.25 | Burkeite | Na6(CO3)(SO4)2 |
7.BD.30 | Hanksite | Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl |
7.BD.35 | Cannonite | Bi2(SO4)O(OH)2 |
7.BD.40 | Lanarkite | Pb2(SO4)O |
7.BD.45 | Grandreefite | Pb2(SO4)F2 |
7.BD.50 | Itoite | Pb3Ge4+(SO4)2O2(OH)2 |
7.BD.55 | Chiluite | Bi3Te6+Mo6+O10.5 |
7.BD.60 | Hectorfloresite | Na9(SO4)4(IO3) |
7.BD.65 | Pseudograndreefite | Pb6(SO4)F10 |
7.BD.70 | Sundiusite | Pb10(SO4)O8Cl2 |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
The DTA curve exhibits three major endothermal peaks at 425°, 605° and 740 DC, plus a shoulder at about 760-770°C.
Notes:
Low solubility in water (etch-pits develop after prolonged contact with distilled water). Grains develop rounded edges in HCl and H2SO4 (both cold and hot). Hot HNO3 produces corroded edges, and a superficial film of white powdery material. Cesanite crystals are entirely dissolved in aqua regia after a short time.
Readily decomposes under an electron beam, even when stronger defocused.
Readily decomposes under an electron beam, even when stronger defocused.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Cesanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-938.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Cesanite
Reference List:
Localities for Cesanite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Bahamas | |
| Onac B.P. et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
Onac et al. (2001) | |
Chile | |
| Brugger et al. (2012) |
Iran | |
| Amin et al. (2022) |
Italy (TL) | |
| Cavarretta et al. (1981) +3 other references |
Romania | |
| Onac et al. (2003) |
Russia | |
| kimberlites of Udachnaya-East pipe (Siberia) +2 other references |
USA | |
| Livingston et al. (2005, December) |
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Cesano 1 well, Cesano geothermal field, Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Lazio, Italy