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Burkeite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About BurkeiteHide

Formula:
Na6(CO3)(SO4)2
Colour:
White, light buff, grayish; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
Specific Gravity:
2.57
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in 1935 by William Frederick Foshag in honor of William Edmund Burke [June 9, 1880 Mayfield, Santa Clara County, California, USA - November 17, 1960 Carson City, Nevada, USA], chemical engineer and director of research of the American Potash and Chemical Corporation, who discovered the synthetic salt in 1921. Early in his career, he was a chemist for the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association.
This page provides mineralogical data about Burkeite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
805
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:805:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
6225117f-5324-462e-8849-9c46d7d58346

IMA Classification of BurkeiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Na4(SO4)(CO3)

Classification of BurkeiteHide

7.BD.25

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
32.1.1.1

32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
1 : Anhydrous Compound Sulfates
12.2.1

12 : Carbonates with other anions
2 : Carbonates with sulphate

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
BkeIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of BurkeiteHide

Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
White, light buff, grayish; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.57 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.61 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of BurkeiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.448 nβ = 1.489 nγ = 1.493
2V:
Measured: 34° , Calculated: 32°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.045
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v distinct

Chemistry of BurkeiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Na6(CO3)(SO4)2

Crystallography of BurkeiteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.05 Å, b = 9.21 Å, c = 5.16 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.765 : 1 : 0.56
Unit Cell V:
335.04 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals tabular {100}, with narrow faces of {010}, {110}, and {001}. Crystals faces rough and uneven. Also as reticulated aggregates of platy crystals; pea-shaped nodules; irregular masses.
Twinning:
Commonly as X-shaped penetration twins with {110} as the twin plane and b^_b ~ 59°42'. The re-entrant angles are partially filled with small, rough crystals in apparent random position.
Comment:
Point Group: mm2 or 222; Space Group: Pmnm (supercell).

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0014823BurkeiteGiuseppetti G, Mazzi F, Tadini C (1988) The crystal structure of synthetic burkeite Na4SO4(CO3)t(SO4)1-t Sample A Note sign of y-coordinate for O3 and O5 altered to reproduce reported bond lengths Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1988 203-2211988synthetic0293
0014824BurkeiteGiuseppetti G, Mazzi F, Tadini C (1988) The crystal structure of synthetic burkeite Sample B Note sign of y-coordinate for O3 and O5 altered to reproduce reported bond lengths Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1988 203-2211988synthetic0293
0014825BurkeiteGiuseppetti G, Mazzi F, Tadini C (1988) The crystal structure of synthetic burkeite Sample C Note sign of y-coordinate for O3 and O5 altered to reproduce reported bond lengths Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1988 203-2211988synthetic0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.801 Å(100)
3.526 Å(80)
3.795 Å(75)
2.640 Å(75)
2.583 Å(75)
2.777 Å(55)
3.854 Å(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
25 : Evaporites (prebiotic)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates]
45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals]

Type Occurrence of BurkeiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
as reticulated aggregates, mulberrylike nodules, commonly massive.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 97277, 102866–102872.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Clay stratum in a lacustrine salt deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Foshag, W.F. (1935), Burkeite, a new mineral species from Searles Lake, California: American Mineralogist: 20: 50-56.

Synonyms of BurkeiteHide

Other Language Names for BurkeiteHide

Simplified Chinese:碳钠矾
Traditional Chinese:碳鈉礬

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
13 photos of Burkeite associated with HaliteNaCl
1 photo of Burkeite associated with TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

7.BD.AdanitePb2(Te4+O3)(SO4)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.BD.HasanoviteKNa(MoO2)(SO4)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.BD.EvanichitePb6Cr3+(Cr6+O4)2(SO4)(OH)7FClTrig. 3 : P3
7.BD.Kennygayite[Pb4O2(OH)2](SO4)Tric. 1 : P1
7.BD.05SulphohaliteNa6(SO4)2FClIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
7.BD.10GaleiteNa15(SO4)5F4ClTrig. 3m : P3 1m
7.BD.10SchaireriteNa21(SO4)7ClF6Trig. 3m : P3 1m
7.BD.15KogarkoiteNa3(SO4)FMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.BD.20CaracoliteNa3Pb2(SO4)3ClMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.BD.20CesaniteNa3Ca2(SO4)3(OH)Hex. 6 : P6
7.BD.20AiolositeNa4Bi(SO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
7.BD.30HanksiteNa22K(SO4)9(CO3)2ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
7.BD.35CannoniteBi2(SO4)O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.BD.40LanarkitePb2(SO4)OMon. 2/m : B2/m
7.BD.45GrandreefitePb2(SO4)F2Mon. 2/m
7.BD.50ItoitePb3Ge4+(SO4)2O2(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.BD.55ChiluiteBi3Te6+Mo6+O10.5Hex.
7.BD.60HectorfloresiteNa9(SO4)4(IO3)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.BD.65PseudograndreefitePb6(SO4)F10Orth. 2 2 2 : F2 2 2
7.BD.70SundiusitePb10(SO4)O8Cl2Mon.

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Totally soluble in cold water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BurkeiteHide

References for BurkeiteHide

Localities for BurkeiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • Victoria Land
Mineralogical Society of America - ...
      • Ross Archipelago
        • Ross Island
Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Argentina
 
  • Neuquén Province
    • Ñorquín Department
      • Caviahue-Copahue
        • Copahue Geothermal Field
Mineralogical Magazine 71 (2007)
Austria
 
  • Burgenland
    • Neusiedl am See District
      • Apetlon
A.Csaplovics (2014)
      • Illmitz
A.Csaplovics (2014)
Götzinger (2009)
A.Csaplovics (2014)
A.Csaplovics (2014)
A.Csaplovics (2014)
      • Sankt Andrä am Zicksee
A.Csaplovics (2014)
Canada
 
Kohut et al. (1993)
  • British Columbia
    • Similkameen Mining Division
      • Okanagan-Similkameen
S. J. Mills (XRD data)
  • Saskatchewan
Last (1990)
Shang (2000)
Greengrass et al. (1999)
China
 
Kezao Chen (1992)
Kezao Chen (1992)
Czech Republic
 
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Karlovy Vary District
      • Karlovy Vary
Cílek
Egypt
 
  • Beheira Governorate
Marchesini et al. (2009) +1 other reference
Sapsford (2009) +1 other reference
Salem et al. (2018)
Melanie Sapsford (2009)
Sapsford (2009)
Greece
 
  • Central Macedonia
    • Kilkis
      • Kilkis
Dotsika et al. (2009)
Japan
 
  • Oita Prefecture
    • Beppu City
Tomonagi et al. (1989)
Kenya
 
  • Marsabit County
Vergouwen (1979)
Niger
 
  • Agadez
    • Bilma
Saidou et al. (2015)
Saidou et al. (2015)
Saidou et al. (2015)
Peru
 
  • La Libertad
    • Pacasmayo Province
      • Jequetepeque
Mees et al. (1991)
Russia
 
  • Arkhangelsk Oblast
    • Zimny Bereg District
      • Zimny Bereg kimberlite field
        • Verkhotina occurrence
Golovin et al. (2023)
  • Sakha
    • Mirninsky District
      • Daldyn
Sharygin et al. (2013)
    • Upper Muna kimberlite field (Verkhne-Munskoe; Verkhnemunsky)
Sharygin et al. (2021, October)
South Africa
 
  • Northern Cape
    • Frances Baard District Municipality
      • Sol Plaatje Local Municipality
        • Kimberley
          • KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine)
Tarasov et al. (2021, April)
Spain
 
  • Aragon
    • Huesca
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference
      • Grañén
Vizcayno et al. (1995)
      • Lalueza
Vizcayno et al. (1995)
      • Sariñena
Vizcayno et al. (1995)
Tunisia
 
  • Tataouine
Smykatz-Kloss et al. (2010)
Turkey
 
  • Konya Province
    • Ereğli District
Vergouwen (1979)
Uganda
 
  • Western Region
    • Kasese
      • Katwe-Kikorongo volcanic field (Katwe volcanic field)
Mineralogical Recoed 8:396 +2 other references
USA
 
  • California
    • Inyo County
      • Deep Springs Valley
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 283. +3 other references
      • Owens Valley
        • Olancha
Brown et al. (2003)
    • San Bernardino County
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 283 +5 other references
Foshag (1920c) +3 other references
  • Colorado
    • Chaffee County
      • Chalk Creek District
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Garfield County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Moffat County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Rio Blanco County
Eckel et al. (1997)
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference
  • Nevada
    • Mineral County
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +2 other references
  • New Mexico
Northrop et al. (1996)
10th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium +1 other reference
  • Washington
    • Grant County
      • Warden
Cannon (1975)
www.dnr.wa.gov/geology/okanogan.htm.
 
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