Kipushite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Kipushite
View of the Kipushi copper mining area, ca. 1970.
Kipushi Mine, Kipushi, Kipushi Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo
Kipushi Mine, Kipushi, Kipushi Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo
Formula:
(Cu,Zn)5Zn(PO4)2(OH)6 · H2O
Colour:
Emerald green
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
3.8
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1985 by Paul Piret, Michel Deliens and Jacqueline Piret Meunier, after the type locality at the Kipushi Mine (Prince Léopold Mine), Kipushi, Lubumbashi (Elizabethville), Katanga (Shaba), Congo (Zaïre).
The phosphate analogue of philipsburgite ("partial" analogy) and fully phosphate analogue of goldhillite.
Chemically related to veszelyite and zincolibethenite.
The Zn site, of tetrahedral coordination, in the kipushite-philipsburgite solid solution is Zn-deficient, with Cu substituting for Zn.
See also Unnamed (As/P-ordered P-rich "philipsburgite").
Not to be confused by kipushite (of Buttgenbach) (a synonym of veszelyite).
Chemically related to veszelyite and zincolibethenite.
The Zn site, of tetrahedral coordination, in the kipushite-philipsburgite solid solution is Zn-deficient, with Cu substituting for Zn.
See also Unnamed (As/P-ordered P-rich "philipsburgite").
Not to be confused by kipushite (of Buttgenbach) (a synonym of veszelyite).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2215
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2215:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
f3783ea8-5b8f-4eb6-9581-58fbaf696916
IMA Classification of Kipushite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu6(PO4)2(OH)6 · H2O
Approval year:
1983
First published:
1985
Classification of Kipushite
8.DE.
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1
42.2.4.1
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
2 : (AB)3(XO4)Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
2 : (AB)3(XO4)Zq·xH2O
19.6.6
19 : Phosphates
6 : Phosphates of Zn
19 : Phosphates
6 : Phosphates of Zn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Kip | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kipushite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Emerald green
Streak:
Pale blue
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Comment:
approximately
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.8 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.904 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kipushite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.693(2) nβ = 1.738(2) nγ = 1.740(2)
2V:
Calculated: 23°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.047
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
weak to distinct
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = colorless; Y = blue; Z = bright blue.
Comments:
2V(meas.) = Small
Chemistry of Kipushite
Mindat Formula:
(Cu,Zn)5Zn(PO4)2(OH)6 · H2O
Crystallography of Kipushite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.197(2) Å, b = 9.156(2) Å, c = 10.667(2) Å
β = 96.77(2)°
β = 96.77(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.332 : 1 : 1.165
Unit Cell V:
1,182.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Elongated aggregates of prisms; prismatic crystals of which lateral faces are uneven and rounded. Prisms {111} are elongate along [101] and terminated principally by (100). Forms present: {102}, {012} and {111}.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005202 | Kipushite | Piret P, Deliens M, Piret-Meunier J (1985) Occurrence and crystal structure of kipushite, a new copper-zinc phosphate from Kipushi, Zaire The Canadian Mineralogist 23 35-42 |  | 1985 | Kipushi, Zaire | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.03 Å | (100) |
| 2.554 Å | (90) |
| 2.970 Å | (60) |
| 1.531 Å | (60b) |
| 12.2 Å | (50) |
| 3.386 Å | (45) |
| 6.06 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Kipushite
General Appearance of Type Material:
More or less elongated aggregates of prisms up to 3 mm or rarely as isolated prismatic crystals up to 0.3 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A holotype specimen of kipushite is registered in the mineralogical collection of the Musee royal de I'Afrique centrale (No. 14.026).
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Piret,P., Deliens, M. Piret-Meunier, J. (1985) Occurrence and crystal structure of kipushite, a new copper-zinc phosphate from Kipushi, Zaire. The Canadian Mineralogist: 23: 35-42.
Synonyms of Kipushite
Other Language Names for Kipushite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 26 photos of Kipushite associated with Veszelyite | (Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O |
| 23 photos of Kipushite associated with Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| 14 photos of Kipushite associated with Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| 5 photos of Kipushite associated with Reichenbachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| 4 photos of Kipushite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 3 photos of Kipushite associated with Zincolibethenite | CuZn(PO4)(OH) |
| 2 photos of Kipushite associated with Limonite |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.DE. | Goldhillite | Cu5Zn(AsO4)2(OH)6 · H2O |
| 8.DE. | Arsenoveszelyite | Cu2Zn(AsO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O |
| 8.DE.05 | Senegalite | Al2(PO4)(OH)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 8.DE.10 | Fluellite | Al2(PO4)F2(OH) · 7H2O |
| 8.DE.15 | Bulachite | Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4 · 2H2O |
| 8.DE.20 | Zapatalite | Cu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9 · 4H2O |
| 8.DE.25 | Ceruleite | Cu2Al7(AsO4)4(OH)13 · 11.5H2O |
| 8.DE.30 | Veszelyite | (Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O |
| 8.DE.35 | Philipsburgite | Cu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| 8.DE.40 | Juanitaite | (Cu,Ca,Fe)10Bi(AsO4)4(OH)11 · 2H2O |
| 8.DE.45 | Iangreyite | Ca2Al7(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH,F)15 · 8H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kipushite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2215.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Kipushite
Reference List:
Piret, p., Deliens, M., Piret-Meunier, J. (1985) Occurrence and crystal structure of kipushite, a new copper-zinc phosphate from Kipushi, Zaire. The Canadian Mineralogist, 23 (1) 35-42
Localities for Kipushite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
Austria | |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) |
China | |
| p.6 +1 other reference |
| Hercule Shen's Collection |
| Hercule Shen | |
DR Congo (TL) | |
| Piret et al. (1985) +2 other references |
Italy | |
| Sergio Mascia - Probed |
Republic of the Congo | |
| www.spiriferminerals.com (2020) |
| Spirifer Minerals specimens | |
UK | |
| Braithwaite et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
USA | |
| Chorazewicz M. |
| Per. Comm. from Eugene Ford re XRD ... |
| Silver Coin Mine. Compact Disc. Paul ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
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Kipushi Mine, Kipushi, Kipushi Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo