Abenakiite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Abenakiite-(Ce)
Formula:
Na26Ce6(Si6O18)(PO4)6(CO3)6(SO2)O
Colour:
Pale brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
3.21
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named after the Abenaki, the indigenous people who inhabited the area around Mont Saint-Hilaire in southern Québec and the North-Eastern USA, prior to the arrival of European settlers. The suffix/modifier indicates that the predominant essential REE is cerium.
Unique chemistry (the only Na-REE-Si-P-C mineral). Chemistry comparable to that of steenstrupine-(Ce).
Currently the only mineral with a supposed sulphur dioxide ligand.
Originally a single grain was found, making the mineral exceedingly rare.
Hexagonal net of the structure contains (1) chains of NaO7 polyhedra connected with phosphate groups, (2) six-membered ring of SiO4, NaO7 and NaO7-(REE)O8 polyhedra, forming columns, (3) carbonate and SO2 groups, and NaO6 octahedra, within the columns. In terms of the linkage of six-member silicate ring and NaO6 octahedron, abenakiite-(Ce) may be compared to kazakovite and steenstrupine-(Ce) (McDonald et al., 1994).
Infrared data for an S-deficient and H2O-bearing variety or a related species from the Sirenevaya pegmatite is given by Chukanov (2014). The mineral occurs as a yellow-grey grain in ussingite, and its empirical formula is reported as (Na5.55K0.17Ca0.04)(Ce3.34La1.71Nd1.20Pr0.46Th0.12)(Si5.97P6.86S0.17)Ox(CO3)y.nH2O. This formula doesn't seem to correspond to abenakiite-(Ce) and no XRD data is given to confirm its identity with abenakiite-(Ce). The main IR bands obtained for this material are [cm-1]: 3390, 1580sh, 1520, 1140sh, 1070s, 902, 860sh, 615, and 448.
Currently the only mineral with a supposed sulphur dioxide ligand.
Originally a single grain was found, making the mineral exceedingly rare.
Hexagonal net of the structure contains (1) chains of NaO7 polyhedra connected with phosphate groups, (2) six-membered ring of SiO4, NaO7 and NaO7-(REE)O8 polyhedra, forming columns, (3) carbonate and SO2 groups, and NaO6 octahedra, within the columns. In terms of the linkage of six-member silicate ring and NaO6 octahedron, abenakiite-(Ce) may be compared to kazakovite and steenstrupine-(Ce) (McDonald et al., 1994).
Infrared data for an S-deficient and H2O-bearing variety or a related species from the Sirenevaya pegmatite is given by Chukanov (2014). The mineral occurs as a yellow-grey grain in ussingite, and its empirical formula is reported as (Na5.55K0.17Ca0.04)(Ce3.34La1.71Nd1.20Pr0.46Th0.12)(Si5.97P6.86S0.17)Ox(CO3)y.nH2O. This formula doesn't seem to correspond to abenakiite-(Ce) and no XRD data is given to confirm its identity with abenakiite-(Ce). The main IR bands obtained for this material are [cm-1]: 3390, 1580sh, 1520, 1140sh, 1070s, 902, 860sh, 615, and 448.
Unique Identifiers
IMA Classification of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Approved
Approval year:
1991
First published:
1994
Classification of Abenakiite-(Ce)
9.CK.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
K : [Si6O18]12- 6-membered single rings, with insular complex anions
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
K : [Si6O18]12- 6-membered single rings, with insular complex anions
Dana 7th ed.:
61.4.1.1
61.4.1.1
61 : CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings
4 : Six-Membered Rings with other anions
61 : CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings
4 : Six-Membered Rings with other anions
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Abk-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Pale brown
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
{0001}
{0001}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
3.21 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.27 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.589(1) nε = 1.586(1)
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.003
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Na26Ce6(Si6O18)(PO4)6(CO3)6(SO2)O
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Na2O | 25.04 % | 25.33 % | 25.52 % | 25.37 % | 25.32 % |
Ce2O3 | 15.50 % | 15.36 % | 15.24 % | 15.15 % | 15.31 % |
La2O3 | 6.08 % | 5.86 % | 6.11 % | 5.69 % | 5.94 % |
Nd2O3 | 8.04 % | 8.07 % | 7.59 % | 7.41 % | 7.78 % |
Pr2O3 | 1.91 % | 2.43 % | 1.95 % | 1.77 % | 2.02 % |
Sm2O3 | 0.88 % | 0.78 % | 0.59 % | 0.70 % | 0.74 % |
ThO2 | 1.86 % | 1.27 % | 1.21 % | 1.32 % | 1.42 % |
SrO | 0.12 % | 0.13 % | 0.09 % | 0.13 % | 0.12 % |
SiO2 | 13.71 % | 13.35 % | 13.00 % | 13.14 % | 13.30 % |
P2O5 | 14.60 % | 14.09 % | 13.70 % | 14.05 % | 14.11 % |
SO2 | 2.34 % | 2.34 % | 2.18 % | 2.28 % | 2.28 % |
CO2 | 9.10 % | 8.95 % | 8.76 % | 8.82 % | 8.91 % |
Total: | 99.18 % | 97.96 % | 95.94 % | 95.83 % | 97.25 % |
Empirical formulas:
Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
---|---|
5 | Na24.23(Ce2.77Nd1.37La1.08Pr0.36Th0.16Sm0.13Sr0.03)Σ5.90Si6.56P5.90C6S1.06O63 |
Sample references:
ID | Type | Locality | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Type Specimen | Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada | CO2 calculated from stoichiometry. | |
2 | Type Specimen | " " | " " | |
3 | Type Specimen | " " | " " | |
4 | Type Specimen | " " | " " | |
5 | Average of analyses 1-4 | " " | " " |
Crystallography of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 16.018(2) Å, c = 19.761(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.234
Unit Cell V:
4,390.93 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0005409 | Abenakiite-(Ce) | McDonald A M, Chao G Y, Grice J D (1994) Abenakiite-(Ce), a new silicophosphate carbonate mineral from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec: description and structure determination The Canadian Mineralogist 32 843-854 | 1994 | Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
11.414 Å | (75) |
8.036 Å | (85) |
6.554 Å | (85) |
4.646 Å | (75) |
3.773 Å | (90) |
3.591 Å | (80) |
3.150 Å | (70) |
2.674 Å | (100) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Abenakiite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
A single grain, 2 x 1 mm in size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, #81501.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In a xenolith of sodalite syenite. A late-stage phase, possibly arising from a metasomatic event associated with emplacement of the nepheline syenite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
McDonald, A. M., Chao, G. Y., & Grice, J. D. (1994). Abenakiite-(Ce), a new silicophosphate carbonate mineral from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec; description and structure determination. The Canadian Mineralogist, 32(4), 843-854.
Synonyms of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Abenakiite-(Ce)
Czech:Abenakiit-(Ce)
German:Abenakiit-(Ce)
Italian:Abenakiite-(Ce)
Latvian:Abenakijīts-(Ce)
Portuguese:Abenakiíte-(Ce)
Russian:Абенакиит-(Ce)
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.CK. | Fluor-schorl | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
9.CK. | Darrellhenryite | Na(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK. | Adachiite | CaFe3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK. | Bosiite | NaFe3+3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK. | Dutrowite | Na(Fe2+2.5Ti0.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK. | Celleriite | ◻(Mn2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK. | Princivalleite | Na(Mn2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK. | Alumino-oxy-rossmanite | ◻Al3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK. | Ferro-bosiite | NaFe3+3(Al4Fe2+2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK. | Magnesio-dutrowite | Na(Mg2.5Ti0.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Fluor-buergerite | NaFe3+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
9.CK.05 | Chromium-dravite | NaMg3Cr3+6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Feruvite | CaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Foitite | ◻(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Olenite | NaAl3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Povondraite | NaFe3+3(Mg2Fe3+4)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Schorl | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Magnesio-foitite | ◻(Mg2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Rossmanite | ◻(LiAl2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Tsilaisite | NaMn2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Oxy-vanadium-dravite | NaV3(V4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Oxy-dravite | Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Oxy-rossmanite | ◻(Li0.5Al2.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Luinaite-(OH) | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Fluor-elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
9.CK.05 | Chromo-alumino-povondraite | NaCr3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Fluor-dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
9.CK.05 | Oxy-schorl | Na(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Fluor-liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
9.CK.05 | Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite) | CaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
9.CK.05 | UM2000-64-SiO:BFeHKMg | (K,Na)Fe3+3(Mg2Fe3+4)Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Oxy-chromium-dravite | NaCr3(Cr4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Fluor-tsilaisite | NaMn2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
9.CK.05 | Vanadio-oxy-chromium-dravite | NaV3(Cr4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Fluor-uvite | CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
9.CK.05 | Vanadio-oxy-dravite | NaV3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Maruyamaite | K(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Lucchesiite | CaFe2+3 Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Oxy-foitite | ◻(Fe2+Al2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Oxy-uvite | CaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Magnesio-lucchesiite | CaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
9.CK.05 | Uvite | CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
9.CK.05 | Fluor-rossmanite | ◻(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
9.CK.15 | Scawtite | Ca7(Si3O9)2CO3 · 2H2O |
9.CK.20 | Steenstrupine-(Ce) | Na14Mn2+2Fe3+2Ce6Zr(Si6O18)2(PO4)6(PO3OH)(OH)2 · 2H2O |
9.CK.20 | Thorosteenstrupine | (Ca,Th,Mn)3Si4O11F · 6H2O |
Fluorescence of Abenakiite-(Ce)
none
Other Information
Notes:
A very weak effervescence in 1:1 HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Abenakiite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2.html
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References for Abenakiite-(Ce)
Localities for Abenakiite-(Ce)
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada (TL) | |
| McDonald et al. (1994) |
Russia | |
| Chukanov (2014) |
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Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada