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Paragenetic Mode 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)

Return to the list of paragentic modes

Description

Minerals formed by subaerial and near-surface aqueous alteration prior to significant oxidation (i.e., >3 Ga). Many of these phases, notably including hydrous silicates, carbonates, phosphates, and borates, likely form today in relatively reducing environments.

Stage

Near-surface Processes
21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations
22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23)
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17)
25 : Evaporites (prebiotic)
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
27 : Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation
28 : Photo-alteration, pre-biotic
29 : Lightning-generated minerals
30 : Terrestrial impact minerals

Minerals

Click on a button to filter by elements. Green = must include. Black = must exclude. Mineral names listed in bold are exclusively known from this paragenetic mode.

MineralFormulaCrystal System
AbuiteCaAl2(PO4)2F2Orthorhombic
Adamsite-(Y)NaY[CO3]2·6H2OTriclinic
AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6Monoclinic
Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6Monoclinic
AkdalaiteAl10O14(OH)2Hexagonal
AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)Triclinic
AleksandroviteKCa7Sn2Li3Si12O36F2Monoclinic
AlleghanyiteMn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2Monoclinic
AlloclasiteCo1-xFexAsSMonoclinic
Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2·2.5-3H2OAmorphous
AlmeidaitePbZn2(Mn,Y)(Ti,Fe3+)18O37(OH,O)Trigonal
AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2Triclinic
Aluminomagnesiohulsite(Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2Monoclinic
AminoffiteCa2(Be,Al)(Si2O7)(H2O,OH)Tetragonal
Ammonioleucite(NH4)(AlSi2O6)Tetragonal
AnataseTiO2Tetragonal
AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)OOrthorhombic
AngarfiteNaFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)4·4H2O Orthorhombic
AniliteCu7S4Orthorhombic
AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2Trigonal
AnthoiniteAlWO3(OH)3Triclinic
Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
ApuaniteFe2+Fe3+4Sb3+4O12STetragonal
AravaipaitePb3AlF9·H2OTriclinic
ArcubisiteAg6CuBiS4
ArdaitePb19Sb13S35Cl7Monoclinic
ArmeniteBa(H2O)2Ca2Al3[Al3Si9O30]Orthorhombic
ArsenolampriteAsOrthorhombic
AshburtonitePb4Cu4(Si4O12)(HCO3)4(OH)3Cl·H2OTetragonal
AthabascaiteCu5Se4Orthorhombic
AurostibiteAuSb2Isometric
AvicenniteTl2O3Isometric
Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OHTriclinic
BackitePb2AlTeO6ClTrigonal
BafertisiteBa2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2Triclinic
BakhchisaraitseviteNa2Mg5(PO4)4·7H2OMonoclinic
BambollaiteCu(Se,Te)2Tetragonal
BanalsiteNa2BaAl4Si4O16Orthorhombic
BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4ClTetragonal
BaratoviteKCa7(Ti,Zr)2Li3Si12O36F2Monoclinic
BarentsiteNa7Al(HCO3)2(CO3)2F4Triclinic
BarstowitePb4Cl6(CO3)·H2OMonoclinic
BaryliteBe2Ba(Si2O7)Orthorhombic
BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2Monoclinic
Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)FHexagonal
BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2Orthorhombic
BelkoviteBa3(Nb,Ti)6(Si2O7)2O12Hexagonal
Belovite-(Ce)NaCeSr3(PO4)3FTrigonal
Belovite-(La)NaLaSr3(PO4)3FTrigonal
BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8Monoclinic
BenauiteSrFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6Trigonal
BenitoiteBaTi(Si3O9)Hexagonal
BerliniteAlPO4Trigonal
BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)Hexagonal
BerylliteBe3(SiO4)(OH)2·H2OOrthorhombic
BerzelianiteCu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)Isometric
BicchuliteCa2(Al2SiO6)(OH)2Isometric
BismutoferriteFe3+2Bi(SiO4)2(OH)Monoclinic
BobmeyeritePb4(Al3Cu)(Si4O12)(S0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl(H2O)3Orthorhombic
Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH)·1.5H2OMonoclinic
BonaccorditeNi2Fe3+(BO3)O2Orthorhombic
BoromuscoviteKAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2Monoclinic
BosiiteNaFe3+3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OTrigonal
BrazilianiteNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4Monoclinic
BrenkiteCa2(CO3)F2Orthorhombic
Brewsterite-Ba(Ba,Sr)[Al2Si6O16]·5H2OMonoclinic
Brewsterite-Sr(Sr,Ba,Ca)[Al2Si6O16]·5H2OMonoclinic
BrodtkorbiteCu2HgSe2Monoclinic
BromelliteBeOHexagonal
BrookiteTiO2Orthorhombic
Buddingtonite(NH4)(AlSi3O8)Monoclinic
Bukovite(Cu3Fe)Σ4Tl2Se4Tetragonal
Bussyite-(Ce)(Ce,REE)3(Na,H2O)6MnSi9Be5(O,OH)30F4Monoclinic
Bussyite-(Y)(Y,REE,Ca)3(Na,Ca)6MnSi9Be5(O,OH,F)34Monoclinic
Byelorussite-(Ce)NaBa2Ce2MnTi2[Si4O12]2O2(F,OH)·H2OOrthorhombic
ByzantieviteBa5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti,Nb)18(SiO4)4[(PO4),(SiO4)]4(BO3)9O22[(OH),F]43(H2O)1.5Trigonal
BøgvaditeNa2SrBa2Al4F20Monoclinic
CadmoseliteCdSeHexagonal
CahniteCa2[B(OH)4](AsO4)Tetragonal
CalcioaravaipaitePbCa2AlF9Triclinic
CalciteCaCO3Trigonal
CalcjarliteNa(Ca,Sr)3Al3(OH)2F14Monoclinic
Calkinsite-(Ce)(Ce,La)2(CO3)3·4H2OOrthorhombic
CallaghaniteCu2Mg2(CO3)(OH)6·2H2OMonoclinic
Cappelenite-(Y)Ba(Y,Ce)6Si3B6O24F2Trigonal
CarletoniteKNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4(OH,F)·H2OTetragonal
CarlhintzeiteCa2[AlF6]F·H2OTriclinic
CarliniteTl2STrigonal
CarpholiteMn2+Al2(Si2O6)(OH)4Orthorhombic
CarraraiteCa3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3)·12H2OHexagonal
CavansiteCa(VO)Si4O10·4H2OOrthorhombic
CelestineSrSO4Orthorhombic
Cerchiaraite Group
Cerchiaraite-(Al)Ba4Al4O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl Tetragonal
Cerchiaraite-(Fe)Ba4Fe3+4O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl Tetragonal
Cerchiaraite-(Mn)Ba4Mn3+4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]Tetragonal
Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3Trigonal
Cervandonite-(Ce)(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti,Al)3O2(Si2O7)(As3+O3)(OH)Trigonal
ChabournéiteAgzTl8-x-zPb4+2xSb40-x-yAsyS68 with 0.00 < x < 0.40(9), 16.15(3)< y < 19.11(10), 0.04(4) < z < 0.11(6)Triclinic
ChalcothalliteTl2(Cu,Fe)6SbS4Tetragonal
ChallacolloiteKPb2Cl5Monoclinic
ChangbaiitePbNb2O6Trigonal
ChantaliteCaAl2(SiO4)(OH)4Tetragonal
ChapmaniteFe3+2Sb3+(Si2O5)O3(OH)Monoclinic
Chernykhite(Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2Monoclinic
ChiluiteBi3Te6+Mo6+O10.5Hexagonal
ChioliteNa5Al3F14Tetragonal
ChistyakovaiteAl(UO2)2(AsO4)2(F,OH)·6.5H2OMonoclinic
ChivruaiiteCa4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5·13-14H2OOrthorhombic
ChlorapatiteCa5(PO4)3ClHexagonal
Chloritoid(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2Monoclinic
ChristiteTlHgAsS3Orthorhombic
ChrombismiteBi3+16Cr6+O27Isometric
ChromferideFe3Cr1-x (x=0.6)Isometric
Chromium-draviteNaMg3Cr3+6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)Trigonal
Chromo-alumino-povondraiteNaCr3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OTrigonal
ChromphylliteK(Cr,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2Monoclinic
ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4Monoclinic
Churchite-(Y)Y(PO4)·2H2OMonoclinic
Cleusonite(Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38Trigonal
ClinokurchatoviteCa(Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)[B2O5]Monoclinic
Clinoptilolite-CaCa3(Si30Al6)O72·20H2OMonoclinic
Clinoptilolite-KK6(Si30Al6)O72·20H2OMonoclinic
Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72·20H2OMonoclinic
CoffiniteU(SiO4)·nH2OTetragonal
ColquiriiteCaLi[AlF6]Trigonal
Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6Orthorhombic
Cookeite(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8Monoclinic
CorundumAl2O3Trigonal
CreediteCa3SO4Al2F8(OH)2·2H2OMonoclinic
CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trigonal
CriddleiteTlAg2Au3Sb10S10Monoclinic
CrookesiteCu7(Tl, Ag)Se4Tetragonal
CuretoniteBa(Al,Ti)(PO4)(OH,O)FMonoclinic
CymriteBaAl2Si2(O,OH)8·H2OMonoclinic
Dachiardite-Ca(Ca,Na2,K2)5Al10Si38O96·25H2OMonoclinic
Dachiardite-KK4(Si20Al4O48)·13H2OMonoclinic
Dachiardite-Na(Na2,Ca,K2)5Al10Si38O96·25H2OMonoclinic
DadsonitePb23Sb25S60ClTriclinic
DanaliteBe3Fe2+4(SiO4)3SIsometric
DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)Monoclinic
Dessauite-(Y)(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38Trigonal
DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2Trigonal
DonbassiteAl4.33(Si3Al)O10(OH)8Monoclinic
DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)Trigonal
DritsiteLi2Al4(OH)12Cl2·3H2OHexagonal
DumortieriteAl(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)Orthorhombic
DutrowiteNa(Fe2+2.5Ti0.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OTrigonal
Eclarite(Cu,Fe)Pb9Bi12S28Orthorhombic
EkateriniteCa2(B4O7)(Cl,OH)2·2H2OHexagonal
ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)Trigonal
EphesiteNaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Triclinic
FayaliteFe2+2SiO4Orthorhombic
Fedorite(Na,K)2-3(Ca4Na3)Si16O38(OH,F)2·3.5H2OTriclinic
FencooperiteBa6Fe3+3Si8O23(CO3)2Cl3·H2OTrigonal
FeruviteCaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)Trigonal
FischesseriteAg3AuSe2Isometric
FluoboriteMg3(BO3)(F,OH)3Hexagonal
Fluocerite-(Ce)CeF3Trigonal
Fluocerite-(La)LaF3Trigonal
Fluor-draviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3FTrigonal
Fluor-elbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3FTrigonal
Fluor-schorlNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3FTrigonal
Fluor-uviteCaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3FTrigonal
FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3FHexagonal
Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH)·8H2OTetragonal
Fluorapophyllite-(Na)NaCa4(Si8O20)F·8H2OOrthorhombic
FluoriteCaF2Isometric
FluornatrocoulselliteCaNa3AlMg3F14Trigonal
FlurliteZn3Mn2+Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)2·9H2OMonoclinic
Foitite◻(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)Trigonal
Fontarnauite(Na,K)2(Sr,Ca) (SO4)[B5O8(OH)]·2H2OMonoclinic
FormicaiteCa(HCOO)2Tetragonal
FrankdicksoniteBaF2Isometric
FredrikssoniteMg2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2Orthorhombic
FroloviteCa[B(OH)4]2Triclinic
GaildunningiteHg2+3[NHg2+2]18(Cl,I,OH,Br,S)24Orthorhombic
GalenaPbSIsometric
GananiteBiF3Isometric
GarrelsiteBa3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4Monoclinic
GaudefroyiteCa4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3Hexagonal
GaylussiteNa2Ca(CO3)2·5H2OMonoclinic
GearksutiteCa[Al(F,OH)5(H2O)]Triclinic
GelosaiteBiMo6+(2-5x)Mo5+6xO7(OH)·H2O Monoclinic
GenthelviteBe3Zn4(SiO4)3SIsometric
GladkovskyiteMnTlAs3S6Trigonal
Gmelinite-CaCa2(Si8Al4)O24·11H2OHexagonal
Gmelinite-KK4(Si8Al4O24)·11H2OHexagonal
Gmelinite-NaNa4(Si8Al4)O24·11H2OHexagonal
GoyaziteSrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6Trigonal
Gramaccioliite-(Y)(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trigonal
Grayite(Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4)·H2OHexagonal
HejtmaniteBa2Mn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2Triclinic
HelvineBe3Mn2+4(SiO4)3SIsometric
HenmiliteCa2Cu[B(OH)4]2(OH)4Triclinic
HercyniteFe2+Al2O4Isometric
Heulandite-Ba(Ba,Ca,K)5(Si27Al9)O72·22H2OMonoclinic
Heulandite-Ca(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2OMonoclinic
Heulandite-K(K,Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2OMonoclinic
Heulandite-Na(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72·22H2OMonoclinic
Heulandite-Sr(Sr,Na,Ca)5(Si27Al9)O72·24H2OMonoclinic
HexahydroboriteCa[B(OH)4]2·2H2O or CaB2O4·6H2OMonoclinic
HoldawayiteMn6(CO3)2(OH)7(Cl,OH)Monoclinic
HoneaiteAu3TlTe2 Orthorhombic
Hulsite(Fe2+,Mg)2(Fe3+,Sn)(BO3)O2Monoclinic
HuntiteCaMg3(CO3)4Trigonal
HutchinsoniteTlPbAs5S9Orthorhombic
HydrocalumiteCa4Al2(OH)12(Cl,CO3,OH)2·4H2OMonoclinic
Hydrokenoralstonite Na0.5(Al,Mg)2(F,OH)6·H2O Isometric
Hydroplumboelsmoreite(Pb,◻)(W,Fe3+)2O6·H2OIsometric
Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F)·8H2OTetragonal
Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)(OH)Hexagonal
HydroxylboriteMg3(BO3)(OH)3Hexagonal
ImhofiteTl5.8As15.4S26Monoclinic
JacquesdietrichiteCu2(H2BO3)(OH)3Orthorhombic
JagoweriteBaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2Triclinic
JanchevitePb7V5+(O8.5◻0.5)Cl2Tetragonal
JankovićiteTl5Sb9(As,Sb)4S22Triclinic
JarliteNa(Sr,Na)7MgAl6F32(OH,H2O)2Monoclinic
JentschiteTlPbAs2SbS6Monoclinic
Jimboite(Mn2+,Mg)3[BO3]2Orthorhombic
Joaquinite-(Ce)NaBa2Ce2FeTi2[Si4O12]2O2(OH,F)·H2OMonoclinic
JonesiteBa4(K,Na)2Ti4Al2(Si3O9)2(SiO4)4O2·6H2OMonoclinic
JørgenseniteNa2(Sr,Ba)14Na2Al12F64(OH,F)4Monoclinic
KalistrontiteK2Sr(SO4)2Trigonal
KamiokiteFe2Mo3O8Hexagonal
KarasugiteSrCa[Al(F,OH)7]Monoclinic
Karlite(Mg,Al)6.5(BO3)3(OH)4(◻,Cl)0.5Orthorhombic
KasatkiniteBa2Ca8B5Si8O32(OH)3·6H2O Monoclinic
KenyaiteNa2Si22O41(OH)8·6H2OMonoclinic
KerniteNa2[B4O6(OH)2]·3H2OMonoclinic
KettneriteCaBiCO3OFOrthorhombic
KillalaiteCa6.4(H0.6Si2O7)2(OH)2Monoclinic
KingsgateiteZrMo6+2O7(OH)2·2H2OTetragonal
KolaritePbTeCl2Orthorhombic
KomkoviteBaZr[Si3O9]·3H2OTrigonal
KorshunovskiteMg2Cl(OH)3·4H2OTriclinic
KorzhinskiteCa(B2O4)·H2OMonoclinic
KotoiteMg3[BO3]2Orthorhombic
Kozoite-(La)(La,Nd)(CO3)(OH)Orthorhombic
Kozoite-(Nd)(Nd,La,Sm,Pr)(CO3)(OH)Orthorhombic
KrasnoshteiniteAl8[B2O4(OH)2](OH)16Cl4·7H2OMonoclinic
KurchatoviteCa(Mg,Mn2+)[B2O5]Orthorhombic
LavrentieviteHg2+3S2(Cl,Br)2Monoclinic
LermontoviteU(PO4)(OH)·H2OOrthorhombic
LoránditeTlAsS2Monoclinic
Loseyite(Mn2+,Zn,Mg)4Zn3(CO3)2(OH)10Monoclinic
LudlamiteFe2+3(PO4)2·4H2OMonoclinic
LudwigiteMg2Fe3+(BO3)O2Orthorhombic
LulzaciteSr2Fe2+(Fe2+,Mg)2Al4(PO4)4(OH)10Triclinic
MagbasiteKBaFe3+Mg7Si8O22(OH)2F6Orthorhombic
Magnesio-foitite◻(Mg2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)Trigonal
Magnesiohulsite(Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Sn,Mg)(BO3)O2Monoclinic
MagnesiteMgCO3Trigonal
MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4Isometric
MambertiiteBiMo5+2.80O8(OH)Triclinic
MannarditeBa(Ti4+6V3+2)O16Tetragonal
MargariteCaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Monoclinic
MarialiteNa4Al3Si9O24ClTetragonal
MeioniteCa4Al6Si6O24CO3Tetragonal
Melanophlogite46SiO2·6(N2,CO2)·2(CH4,N2)Tetragonal
Mengxianminite(Ca,Na)2Sn2(Mg,Fe)3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2Orthorhombic
MilariteK(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30]Hexagonal
MinrecorditeCaZn(CO3)2Trigonal
Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)Monoclinic
Monazite-(La)La(PO4)Monoclinic
Monazite-(Nd)Nd(PO4)Monoclinic
Monazite-(Sm)Sm(PO4)Monoclinic
MonimolitePb2Sb5+2O7Isometric
MroseiteCaTe4+(CO3)O2Orthorhombic
MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Monoclinic
NastrophiteNa(Sr,Ba)PO4·9H2OIsometric
NifontoviteCa3B6O6(OH)12(H2O)2Monoclinic
Niksergievite(Ba,Ca)2Al3(AlSi3O10)(CO3)(OH)6·nH2OMonoclinic
NordenskiöldineCaSn4+[BO3]2Trigonal
NuffielditeCu1.4Pb2.4Bi2.4Sb0.2S7Orthorhombic
NumanoiteCa4Cu(B4O6(OH)6)(CO3)2Monoclinic
OkayamaliteCa2B[BSiO7]Tetragonal
OleniteNaAl3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3(OH)Trigonal
OlshanskyiteCa2[B3O3(OH)6](OH)·3H2OTriclinic
OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)Monoclinic
Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)NaBa2Ce2FeTi2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)·H2OOrthorhombic
Ottrélite(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2Monoclinic
Oxy-chromium-draviteNaCr3(Cr4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O Trigonal
Oxy-draviteNa(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OTrigonal
Oxy-foitite◻(Fe2+Al2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OTrigonal
Oxy-schorlNa(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OTrigonal
Oxy-vanadium-draviteNaV3(V4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OTrigonal
OyeliteCa10Si8B2O29·12.5H2OTriclinic
PainiteCaZrAl9(BO3)O15Hexagonal
PanasqueiraiteCaMg(PO4)(OH,F)Monoclinic
PapagoiteCaCu[H3AlSi2O9]Monoclinic
ParagoniteNaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Monoclinic
ParalstoniteBaCa(CO3)2Trigonal
ParasibirskiteCa2(B2O5)·H2OMonoclinic
Paratooite-(La)(La,Sr,Ca)4CuCa(Na,Ca)2(CO3)8Orthorhombic
PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)Triclinic
Pellouxite(Cu,Ag)Pb10Sb12S27O(Cl,S)0.6Monoclinic
Pertsevite-(F)Mg2(BO3)(F,OH)Orthorhombic
Pertsevite-(OH)Mg2(BO3)(OH)Orthorhombic
PhenakiteBe2SiO4Trigonal
PicotpauliteTlFe2S3Orthorhombic
PierrotiteTl2(Sb,As)10S16Orthorhombic
Pinakiolite(Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2Monoclinic
PokhodyashiniteCu2Tl3Sb5As2S13Monoclinic
PovondraiteNaFe3+3(Mg2Fe3+4)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OTrigonal
PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2Orthorhombic
PretuliteSc(PO4)Tetragonal
PseudosinhaliteMg2Al3(BO3)2(OH)O3Monoclinic
PyriteFeS2Isometric
PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2Triclinic
QuartzSiO2Trigonal
RaguiniteTlFeS2Orthorhombic
RebuliteTl5Sb5As8S22Monoclinic
Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4)·0.6H2OTrigonal
RhodochrositeMnCO3Trigonal
RichardsollyiteTlPbAsS3Monoclinic
Rohaite(Tl,Pb,K)2Cu8.7Sb2S4Orthorhombic
RongibbsitePb2(Si4Al)O11(OH) Monoclinic
RosenbergiteAlF[F0.5(H2O)0.5]4·H2OTetragonal
RosenhahniteHCa3[Si3O9(OH)]Triclinic
Rossmanite◻(LiAl2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)Trigonal
RoweiteCa2Mn2+2B4O7(OH)6Orthorhombic
RutileTiO2Tetragonal
SabatieriteTlCu6Se4Orthorhombic
SapphirineMg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]Monoclinic
SardignaiteBiMo2O7(OH)·2H2OMonoclinic
ScapoliteTetragonal
ScawtiteCa7(Si3O9)2CO3·2H2OMonoclinic
SchorlNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)Trigonal
SclariteZn7(CO3)2(OH)10Monoclinic
SepioliteMg4(Si6O15)(OH)2·6H2OOrthorhombic
SerendibiteCa4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]Triclinic
ShabyniteMg5(BO3)(OH)5(Cl,OH)2·4H2OMonoclinic
ShimazakiiteCa2B2-xO5-3x(OH)3x (x = 0~0.06)Monoclinic
Shuiskite-(Cr)Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMonoclinic
Shuiskite-(Mg)Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Monoclinic
SibirskiteCa2(HB2O5)(OH)Monoclinic
SicheriteTlAg2(As,Sb)3S6Orthorhombic
SideriteFeCO3Trigonal
Silvialite(Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)Tetragonal
SinhaliteMgAl(BO4)Orthorhombic
SolongoiteCa2(H3B3O7)(OH)ClMonoclinic
SonoliteMn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2Monoclinic
SphaleriteZnSIsometric
SpherocobaltiteCoCO3Trigonal
SpinelMgAl2O4Isometric
Stavelotite-(La)(La,Nd,Ca)3Mn2+3Cu(Mn3+,Fe3+,Mn4+)26(Si2O7)6O30Trigonal
Stenonite(Sr,Ba,Na)2Al(CO3)F5Monoclinic
StronalsiteNa2SrAl4Si4O16Orthorhombic
StrontianiteSrCO3Orthorhombic
Strontio-orthojoaquinite(Na,Fe)2Sr2Ba2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2·H2OOrthorhombic
SuaniteMg2[B2O5]Monoclinic
SuoluniteCa2(H2Si2O7)·H2OOrthorhombic
Surinamite(Mg,Fe)3Al4BeSi3O16Monoclinic
SussexiteMn2+BO2(OH)Orthorhombic
SzaibélyiteMgBO2(OH)Monoclinic
Taipingite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3Trigonal
TakedaiteCa3[BO3]2Trigonal
TaramiteNa(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Monoclinic
TetradymiteBi2Te2STrigonal
ThalcusiteTl2Cu3FeS4Tetragonal
ThalliomelaneTl(Mn4+7.5Cu2+0.5)O16Tetragonal
TintinaitePb22Cu4(Sb,Bi)30S69Orthorhombic
TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)OMonoclinic
TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2Orthorhombic
Truscottite(Ca,Mn)14Si24O58(OH)8·2H2OTrigonal
TsilaisiteNaMn2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)Trigonal
TsumebitePb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH)Monoclinic
TunisiteNaCa2Al4(CO3)4(OH)8ClTetragonal
TuzlaiteNaCaB5O8(OH)2·3H2OMonoclinic
UralboriteCa2[B3O3(OH)5·OB(OH)3]Monoclinic
UsoviteBa2CaMgAl2F14Monoclinic
UviteCaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)Trigonal
Vanadio-oxy-chromium-draviteNaV3(Cr4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O Trigonal
Vanadio-oxy-draviteNaV3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OTrigonal
VateriteCaCO3Hexagonal
VimsiteCaB2O2(OH)4Monoclinic
VitimiteCa6[B14O19](SO4)(OH)14·5H2OMonoclinic
VonseniteFe2+2Fe3+(BO3)O2Orthorhombic
Waimirite-(Y)YF3Orthorhombic
Warwickite(Mg,Ti,Fe,Al)2O(BO3)Orthorhombic
WeberiteNa2Mg[AlF6]FOrthorhombic
WhewelliteCa(C2O4)·H2OMonoclinic
WightmaniteMg5(BO3)O(OH)5·2H2OMonoclinic
Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)SHexagonal
Yttriaite-(Y)Y2O3Isometric
YuanfuliiteMg(Fe3+,Al)O(BO3)Orthorhombic
Yushkinite(Mg,Al)V4+S2(OH)2Trigonal
ZaccagnaiteZn4Al2(OH)12[CO3]·3H2OHexagonal
ZenzénitePb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15Hexagonal
ZhangpeishaniteBaFClTetragonal
ZussmaniteK(Fe,Mg,Mn)13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14Trigonal
ElementCountPercent
HHydrogen21955.73%
LiLithium92.29%
BeBeryllium153.82%
BBoron9022.90%
CCarbon4812.21%
NNitrogen41.02%
OOxygen32883.46%
FFluorine6115.52%
NaSodium7719.59%
MgMagnesium7118.07%
AlAluminium13333.84%
SiSilicon15739.95%
PPhosphorus297.38%
SSulfur5112.98%
ClChlorine317.89%
KPotassium276.87%
CaCalcium11629.52%
ScScandium10.25%
TiTitanium276.87%
VVanadium92.29%
CrChromium102.54%
MnManganese348.65%
FeIron6917.56%
CoCobalt20.51%
NiNickel10.25%
CuCopper287.12%
ZnZinc102.54%
GeGermanium10.25%
AsArsenic184.58%
SeSelenium92.29%
BrBromine20.51%
SrStrontium266.62%
YYttrium112.80%
ZrZirconium41.02%
NbNiobium61.53%
MoMolybdenum61.53%
AgSilver71.78%
CdCadmium10.25%
SnTin61.53%
SbAntimony194.83%
TeTellurium71.78%
IIodine10.25%
BaBarium4210.69%
LaLanthanum92.29%
CeCerium153.82%
PrPraseodymium10.25%
NdNeodymium51.27%
SmSamarium20.51%
WTungsten30.76%
AuGold41.02%
HgMercury41.02%
TlThallium266.62%
PbLead328.14%
BiBismuth133.31%
ThThorium10.25%
UUranium71.78%

References

Hazen, Robert M., Morrison, Shaunna M. (2022) On the paragenetic modes of minerals: A mineral evolution perspective. American Mineralogist, 107 (7) 1262-1287 doi:10.2138/am-2022-8099
 
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