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The mineralogy of Tellurium

General Properties
Symbol:Te
Atomic Number:52
Standard atomic weight (Ar):127.60(3)
Electron configuration:[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
Photos
<
Tellurium
>
Atomic Properties
Electronegativity (Pauling scale):2.1
Atomic Radius:123 pm
Ionic Radius:221 pm (-2)
Van der Waals Radius:206 pm
1st Ionization energy:869 kJ/mol
1st Electron affinity:-190 kJ/mol
Oxidation States:-2,2,4,5,6
Physical Properties
Standard State:solid
Bonding Type:metallic
Melting Point:723 K
Boiling Point:1261 K
Density:6.24 g/cm3
Metal/Non-Metal:metalloid
Main isotopes of Tellurium
Isotope% in NatureHalf LifeDecay typeDecay product
120Te0.09%>2.2×1016yβ+β+ ?120Sn
121Tesynthetic16.78dε121Sb
122Te2.55%-Spontaneous fission ?
123Te0.89%>9.2×1016yε ?123Sb
124Te4.74%-Spontaneous fission ?
125Te7.07%-Spontaneous fission ?
126Te18.84%-Spontaneous fission ?
127Tesynthetic9.35hβ−127I
128Te31.74%2.2×1024yβ-β-128Xe
129Tesynthetic69.6minβ−
130Te34.08%7.9×1020yβ-β-
Main ions of Tellurium
NameIonExample minerals
tellurium(IV)Te4+Tellurite
tellurideTe2-Hessite
ditelluride[Te2]2-Frohbergite, Mattagamite
tellurite[TeO3]2-Balyakinite, Cesbronite, Emmonsite, Fairbankite
metatellurate[TeO4]2-Brumadoite, Utahite
orthotellurate[TeO6]6-Eztlite, Cuzticite, Xocolatlite
Other Information
Year Discovered:1782
Discovered By:
01160530014946639725777.jpg
Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein
Isolated By:
04918220014946407932832.jpg
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Named For:
03087770014946639727624.jpg
after Roman Tellus, deity of the Earth
CPK color coding:#D47A00
External Links:WikipediaWebElementsLos Alamos National LaboratoryTheodore Gray's PeriodicTable.com
Simple Compounds and Mineral Names
Sulfidestellurium sulphideTeS+2
Fluoridestellurium hexafluorideTeF6+6
tellurium tetrafluorideTeF4+4
Chloridesditellurium chlorideTe2Cl
tellurium dichlorideTeCl2+2
tritellurium dichlorideTe3Cl20,+2
tellurium tetrachloride tetramer[TeCl4]4+4
Bromidesditellurium bromideTe2Br
tellurium tetrabromide tetramer[TeBr4]4+4
Iodidestellurium iodideTeI+1
ditellurium iodideTe2I
tetratellurium tetraiodideTe4I4+1
tellurium tetraiodide tetramer[TeI4]4+4
Oxidestellurium oxideTeO+2
tellurium dioxideTeO2+4Tellurite, Paratellurite
tellurium trioxideTeO3+6
Mineral Diversity of Tellurium
1. Elements 2 valid mineral species
2. Sulfides And Sulfosalts 97 valid mineral species
3. Halides3 valid mineral species
4. Oxides 60 valid mineral species
7. Sulfates 35 valid mineral species
8. Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates3 valid mineral species
9. Silicates 1 valid mineral species
Total:201 valid species containing essential Tellurium
Geochemistry of Tellurium
Goldschmidt classification:Chalcophile
Te2- forms minerals with Cu+.
Te2- forms minerals with Ag+.
Te2- forms minerals with Au+.
Elemental Abundance for Tellurium
Crust (CRC Handbook)1 x 10-9mass fraction, kg/kg
Crust (Greenwood)1 x 10-9mass fraction, kg/kg
Crust (Ahrens/Wänke)2.03 x 10-9mass fraction, kg/kg
Solar System (Kaye & Laby)4.9 x 10-6atom mole fraction relative to Si=1
Solar System (Ahrens)4.81 x 10-6 (10%)atom mole fraction relative to Si=1 (% uncertainty)
Element association of Tellurium in the Mineral World
This table compares the known valid mineral species listed listed with Tellurium and the other elements listed based on the official IMA formula. Note that unlike other sections on this page this includes non-essential elements.

The first data column contains the total number of minerals listed with Tellurium and the element listed for that row.

The second data column lists this number as a percentage of all minerals listed with Tellurium.

The final data column compares this percentage against the percentage of all minerals that contain the element listed in each row.

Click on a heading to sort.
ElementValid Minerals listed with element and Tellurium% of Te mineralsRelative to % in all minerals
Oxygen101 minerals with Te and O48.56%40.22% lower
Lead57 minerals with Te and Pb27.40%159.58% higher
Copper55 minerals with Te and Cu26.44%94.58% higher
Hydrogen54 minerals with Te and H25.96%53.80% lower
Sulfur46 minerals with Te and S22.12%0.49% higher
Bismuth43 minerals with Te and Bi20.67%396.98% higher
Silver27 minerals with Te and Ag12.98%239.07% higher
Iron27 minerals with Te and Fe12.98%43.28% lower
Palladium19 minerals with Te and Pd9.13%548.45% higher
Gold18 minerals with Te and Au8.65%1,173.59% higher
Antimony16 minerals with Te and Sb7.69%37.32% higher
Chlorine16 minerals with Te and Cl7.69%3.84% higher
Selenium15 minerals with Te and Se7.21%173.68% higher
Zinc14 minerals with Te and Zn6.73%17.72% higher
Calcium11 minerals with Te and Ca5.29%79.12% lower
Arsenic11 minerals with Te and As5.29%59.14% lower
Magnesium9 minerals with Te and Mg4.33%68.51% lower
Nickel8 minerals with Te and Ni3.85%12.11% higher
Manganese6 minerals with Te and Mn2.88%75.76% lower
Mercury5 minerals with Te and Hg2.40%33.07% higher
Platinum4 minerals with Te and Pt1.92%146.89% higher
Uranium4 minerals with Te and U1.92%62.69% lower
Carbon4 minerals with Te and C1.92%76.37% lower
Aluminium3 minerals with Te and Al1.44%92.85% lower
Iridium3 minerals with Te and Ir1.44%248.12% higher
Tin2 minerals with Te and Sn0.96%49.11% lower
Potassium2 minerals with Te and K0.96%90.43% lower
Thallium2 minerals with Te and Tl0.96%36.24% lower
Molybdenum1 mineral with Te and Mo0.48%68.47% lower
Germanium1 mineral with Te and Ge0.48%23.66% lower
Vanadium1 mineral with Te and V0.48%90.00% lower
Cobalt1 mineral with Te and Co0.48%62.81% lower
Chromium1 mineral with Te and Cr0.48%73.63% lower
Phosphorus1 mineral with Te and P0.48%96.12% lower
Silicon1 mineral with Te and Si0.48%98.27% lower
Tungsten1 mineral with Te and W0.48%46.28% lower
Titanium1 mineral with Te and Ti0.48%93.24% lower
Periodic Table
1H 2He
3Li 4Be 5B 6C 7N 8O 9F 10Ne
11Na 12Mg 13Al 14Si 15P 16S 17Cl 18Ar
19K 20Ca 21Sc 22Ti 23V 24Cr 25Mn 26Fe 27Co 28Ni 29Cu 30Zn 31Ga 32Ge 33As 34Se 35Br 36Kr
37Rb 38Sr 39Y 40Zr 41Nb 42Mo 43Tc 44Ru 45Rh 46Pd 47Ag 48Cd 49In 50Sn 51Sb 52Te 53I 54Xe
55Cs 56Ba 57La 72Hf 73Ta 74W 75Re 76Os 77Ir 78Pt 79Au 80Hg 81Tl 82Pb 83Bi 84Po 85At 86Rn
87Fr 88Ra 89Ac 104Rd 105Db 106Sg 107Bh 108Hs 109Mt 110Ds 111Rg 112Cn 113Nh 114Fl 115Mc 116Lv 117Ts 118Og
 
58Ce 59Pr 60Nd 61Pm 62Sm 63Eu 64Gd 65Tb 66Dy 67Ho 68Er 69Tm 70Yb 71Lu
90Th 91Pa 92U 93Np 94Pu 95Am 96Cm 97Bk 98Cf 99Es 100Fm 101Md 102No 103Lr
Default Categories CPK Electronegativity Atomic Radius Lowest Oxidation Highest Oxidation Crustal Abundance Goldschmidt Mineral Species Minerals with Te Relative Frequency
Antimony << Tellurium >> Iodine


Most widespread minerals containing Tellurium
This list of minerals containing Tellurium is built from the mindat.org locality database. This is based on the number of localities entered for mineral species and is therefore slanted towards minerals interesting to collectors with less coverage of common rock-forming-minerals so it does not give an undistorted distribution of Tellurium mineral species. It is more useful when comparing rare species rather than common species.
NameFormulaCrystal SystemMindat Localities
HessiteAg2TeMonoclinic1114
TetradymiteBi2Te2STrigonal661
AltaitePbTeIsometric658
PetziteAg3AuTe2Isometric545
CalaveriteAuTe2Monoclinic459
SylvaniteAgAuTe4Monoclinic413
TellurobismuthiteBi2Te3Trigonal381
MeloniteNiTe2Trigonal257
TelluriumTeTrigonal251
ColoradoiteHgTeIsometric227
Photos

Localities with greatest number of different Tellurium mineral species
1Moctezuma Mine, Moctezuma, Moctezuma Municipality, Sonora, Mexico41 Te minerals
2Mine dump, Delamar Mine, Delamar Mining District, Lincoln County, Nevada, USA31 Te minerals
3Upper dumps, North Star Mine (Star Consolidated Mine), Mammoth, Tintic Mining District, Juab County, Utah, USA30 Te minerals
4Trixie Mine (Trixie shaft; Old Trump prospect), East Tintic Mining District, Utah County, Utah, USA28 Te minerals
5Kawazu mine (Rendaiji mine; Rendaizi mine), Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan27 Te minerals
6Săcărâmb, Certeju de Sus, Hunedoara County, Romania26 Te minerals
7Kockbulak mine (Kochbulak Au-Ag-Te deposit), Ohangaron District, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan26 Te minerals
8Bambollita Mine, Moctezuma, Moctezuma Municipality, Sonora, Mexico24 Te minerals


Spotted a mistake/omission? - These pages are a work in progress, so please send all comments/corrections to jolyon@mindat.org. Thank you.

Constants and physical property data from:

David R. Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005).
Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants (2005). Section 3.1.3, Abundances of the elements
A. Earnshaw, N. Greenwood, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, (1997)
Thomas J. Ahrens (ed.), Global Earth Physics : A Handbook of Physical Constants, American Geophysical Union (1995)
L.B. Railsback, An Earth Scientist's Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions : Geology 31:9 p737-740 (2003)
Emsley, J. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. New York: Oxford University Press (2001)
 
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