The mineralogy of Dysprosium
| General Properties | |
|---|---|
| Symbol: | Dy |
| Atomic Number: | 66 |
| Standard atomic weight (Ar): | 162.500(1) |
| Electron configuration: | [Xe] 4f10 6s2 |
| Photos | ||
|---|---|---|
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| < | Ultrapure dysprosium dendrites | > |
| Atomic Properties | |
|---|---|
| Electronegativity (Pauling scale): | 1.22 |
| Atomic Radius: | 228 pm |
| Ionic Radius: | 107 pm (+2) |
| 1st Ionization energy: | 573 kJ/mol |
| 1st Electron affinity: | -50 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation States: | 2,3 |
| Physical Properties | |
|---|---|
| Standard State: | solid |
| Bonding Type: | metallic |
| Melting Point: | 1685 K |
| Boiling Point: | 2840 K |
| Density: | 8.55 g/cm3 |
| Metal/Non-Metal: | lanthanoid |
| Main isotopes of Dysprosium | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isotope | % in Nature | Half Life | Decay type | Decay product |
| 154Dy | synthetic | 3.0×106y | α | 150Gd |
| 156Dy | 0.06% | >1×1018y | α ? | 152Gd |
| ? | 156Gd | |||
| 158Dy | 0.10% | - | α ? | 154Gd |
| β+β+ ? | 158Gd | |||
| 160Dy | 2.34% | - | α ? | 156Gd |
| 161Dy | 18.91% | - | α ? | 157Gd |
| 162Dy | 25.51% | - | α ? | 158Gd |
| 163Dy | 24.90% | - | Spontaneous fission ? | |
| 164Dy | 28.18% | - | Spontaneous fission ? | |
| Main ions of Dysprosium | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Ion | Example minerals | ||
| dysprosium(II) | Dy2+ | |||
| dysprosium(III) | Dy3+ | |||
| Other Information | |
|---|---|
| Year Discovered: | 1886 |
| Discovered By: |  Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
| Named For: | Greek: dysprositos - "hard to get at" |
| CPK color coding: | #1FFFC7 |
| External Links: | WikipediaWebElementsLos Alamos National LaboratoryTheodore Gray's PeriodicTable.com |
| Simple Compounds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Nitrides | dysprosium nitride | DyN | +3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sulfides | didysprosium trisulphide | Dy2S3 | +3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selenides | didysprosium triselenide | Dy2Se3 | +3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fluorides | dysprosium trifluoride | DyF3 | +3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chlorides | dysprosium dichloride | DyCl2 | +2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dysprosium trichloride | DyCl3 | +3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bromides | dysprosium tribromide | DyBr3 | +3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Iodides | dysprosium diiodide | DyI2 | +2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dysprosium triiodide | DyI3 | +3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxides | didysprosium trioxide | Dy2O3 | +3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geochemistry of Dysprosium | |
|---|---|
| Goldschmidt classification: | Lithophile |
| Dy3+ was one of the ions least depleted from the mantle in the formation of the crust. | |
| Dy3+ is enriched in Ca-Al-rich inclusions in meteorites relative to the composition of the solar system. | |
| Dy3+ is concentrated in residual soils and sediments (less certainty.) | |
| Elemental Abundance for Dysprosium | ||
|---|---|---|
| Crust (CRC Handbook) | 5.2 x 10-6 | mass fraction, kg/kg |
| Crust (Kaye & Laby) | 8.5 x 10-6 | mass fraction, kg/kg |
| Crust (Ahrens/Taylor) | 3.700 x 10-6 | mass fraction, kg/kg |
| Crust (Ahrens/Wänke) | 6.102 x 10-6 | mass fraction, kg/kg |
| Upper Crust (Ahrens/Taylor) | 3.500 x 10-6 | mass fraction, kg/kg |
| Sea Water (CRC Handbook) | 9.1 x 10-13 | mass per volume fraction, kg/L |
| Sea Water (Kaye & Laby) | 9.1 x 10-13 | mass per volume fraction, kg/L |
| The Sun (Kaye & Laby) | 3.5 x 10-7 | atom mole fraction relative to Si=1 |
| Solar System (Kaye & Laby) | 4.0 x 10-7 | atom mole fraction relative to Si=1 |
| Solar System (Ahrens) | 3.942 x 10-7 (1.4%) | atom mole fraction relative to Si=1 (% uncertainty) |
| Element association of Dysprosium in the Mineral World | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| This table compares the known valid mineral species listed listed with Dysprosium and the other elements listed based on the official IMA formula. Note that unlike other sections on this page this includes non-essential elements. The first data column contains the total number of minerals listed with Dysprosium and the element listed for that row. The second data column lists this number as a percentage of all minerals listed with Dysprosium. The final data column compares this percentage against the percentage of all minerals that contain the element listed in each row. Click on a heading to sort. |
| Element | Valid Minerals listed with element and Dysprosium | % of Dy minerals | Relative to % in all minerals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrogen | 3 minerals with Dy and H | 100.00% | 77.94% higher |
| Oxygen | 3 minerals with Dy and O | 100.00% | 23.12% higher |
| Gadolinium | 3 minerals with Dy and Gd | 100.00% | 100,466.67% higher |
| Carbon | 3 minerals with Dy and C | 100.00% | 1,128.92% higher |
| Yttrium | 2 minerals with Dy and Y | 66.67% | 2,752.96% higher |
| Calcium | 2 minerals with Dy and Ca | 66.67% | 163.09% higher |
| Fluorine | 1 mineral with Dy and F | 33.33% | 313.00% higher |
| Sodium | 1 mineral with Dy and Na | 33.33% | 74.75% higher |
| Silicon | 1 mineral with Dy and Si | 33.33% | 20.22% higher |
| Sulfur | 1 mineral with Dy and S | 33.33% | 51.46% higher |
| Neodymium | 1 mineral with Dy and Nd | 33.33% | 3,556.97% higher |
| Chlorine | 1 mineral with Dy and Cl | 33.33% | 349.96% higher |
| Barium | 1 mineral with Dy and Ba | 33.33% | 620.91% higher |
| Uranium | 1 mineral with Dy and U | 33.33% | 546.73% higher |
| Periodic Table | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Terbium << Dysprosium >> Holmium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spotted a mistake/omission? - These pages are a work in progress, so please send all comments/corrections to jolyon@mindat.org. Thank you.
Constants and physical property data from:
David R. Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005).
Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants (2005). Section 3.1.3, Abundances of the elements
A. Earnshaw, N. Greenwood, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, (1997)
Thomas J. Ahrens (ed.), Global Earth Physics : A Handbook of Physical Constants, American Geophysical Union (1995)
L.B. Railsback, An Earth Scientist's Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions : Geology 31:9 p737-740 (2003)
Emsley, J. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. New York: Oxford University Press (2001)
