Paragenetic Mode 24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17)

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Description

Minerals that likely formed in continental sediments as authigenic species, in contrast to marine authigenic phases [#17]. Most of these minerals are relatively common silicates, carbonates, or phosphates that are known to form in a variety of environments

Stage

Near-surface Processes
21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations
22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23)
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17)
25 : Evaporites (prebiotic)
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
27 : Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation
28 : Photo-alteration, pre-biotic
29 : Lightning-generated minerals
30 : Terrestrial impact minerals

Minerals

Click on a button to filter by elements. Green = must include. Black = must exclude. Mineral names listed in bold are exclusively known from this paragenetic mode.

Mineral	Formula	Crystal System
Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	Triclinic
Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆)·H₂O	Triclinic
Anapaite	Ca₂Fe²⁺(PO₄)₂·4H₂O	Triclinic
Anatase	TiO₂	Tetragonal
Baryte	BaSO₄	Orthorhombic
Bosoite	SiO₂·nC_xH_2x+2	Hexagonal
Brookite	TiO₂	Orthorhombic
Celestine	SrSO₄	Orthorhombic
Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂·12H₂O	Triclinic
Chabazite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂·12H₂O	Trigonal
Chabazite-Mg	(Mg_0.7K_0.5Ca_0.5Na_0.1)[Al₃Si₉O₂₄]·10H₂O	Trigonal
Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂·12H₂O	Trigonal
Chamosite	(Fe²⁺)₅Al(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈	Monoclinic
Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄	Monoclinic
Clinoptilolite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₃₀Al₆)O₇₂·20H₂O	Monoclinic
Clinoptilolite-K	K₆(Si₃₀Al₆)O₇₂·20H₂O	Monoclinic
Clinoptilolite-Na	Na₆(Si₃₀Al₆)O₇₂·20H₂O	Monoclinic
Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trigonal
Cryolite	Na₂NaAlF₆	Monoclinic
Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂	Trigonal
Eitelite	Na₂Mg(CO₃)₂	Trigonal
Erionite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₄Si₁₄O₃₆]·15H₂O	Hexagonal
Erionite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂)₂[Al₄Si₁₄O₃₆]·15H₂O	Hexagonal
Erionite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca)₂[Al₄Si₁₄O₃₆]·15H₂O	Hexagonal
Faujasite-Ca	(Ca,Na₂,Mg)_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈]·32H₂O	Isometric
Feroxyhyte	Fe³⁺O(OH)	Hexagonal
Florencite-(La)	LaAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trigonal
Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	Hexagonal
Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)	Orthorhombic
Hauerite	MnS₂	Isometric
Hematite	Fe₂O₃	Trigonal
Heulandite-Ba	(Ba,Ca,K)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂·22H₂O	Monoclinic
Heulandite-Ca	(Ca,Na)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂·26H₂O	Monoclinic
Heulandite-K	(K,Ca,Na)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂·26H₂O	Monoclinic
Heulandite-Na	(Na,Ca,K)₆(Si,Al)₃₆O₇₂·22H₂O	Monoclinic
Heulandite-Sr	(Sr,Na,Ca)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂·24H₂O	Monoclinic
Hydrohalloysite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·2H₂O	Monoclinic
Inderite	MgB₃O₃(OH)₅·5H₂O	Monoclinic
Inyoite	Ca(H₄B₃O₇)(OH)·4H₂O	Monoclinic
Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄	Triclinic
Lepidocrocite	γ-Fe³⁺O(OH)	Orthorhombic
Leucosphenite	BaNa₄Ti₂B₂Si₁₀O₃₀	Monoclinic
Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)	Monoclinic
Metavivianite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂·6H₂O	Triclinic
Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Triclinic
Monohydrocalcite	CaCO₃·H₂O	Trigonal
Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆·28H₂O	Orthorhombic
Mössbauerite	Fe³⁺₆O₄(OH)₈[CO₃]·3H₂O	Trigonal
Nacrite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄	Monoclinic
Natroalunite	NaAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trigonal
Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀·2H₂O	Orthorhombic
Neighborite	NaMgF₃	Orthorhombic
Norsethite	BaMg(CO₃)₂	Trigonal
Northupite	Na₃Mg(CO₃)₂Cl	Isometric
Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Monoclinic
Palygorskite	◻Al₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄·4H₂O	Monoclinic
Paralabuntsovite-Mg	Na₈K₈Mg₄Ti₁₆(Si₄O₁₂)₈(OH,O)₁₆·20-24H₂O	Monoclinic
Phillipsite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂·12H₂O	Monoclinic
Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O	Monoclinic
Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂]·12H₂O	Monoclinic
Pyrite	FeS₂	Isometric
Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂	Tetragonal
Quartz	SiO₂	Trigonal
Realgar	As₄S₄	Monoclinic
Reedmergnerite	NaBSi₃O₈	Triclinic
Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Monoclinic
Scarbroite	Al₅(CO₃)(OH)₁₃·5H₂O	Triclinic
Shortite	Na₂Ca₂(CO₃)₃	Orthorhombic
Siderite	FeCO₃	Trigonal
Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Monoclinic
Sudoite	Mg₂Al₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀)(OH)₈	Monoclinic
Sulphur	S₈	Orthorhombic
Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀]·6H₂O	Orthorhombic
Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	Monoclinic
Weddellite	Ca(C₂O₄)·(2.5-x)H₂O	Tetragonal

	Element	Count	Percent
H	Hydrogen	48	64.00%
B	Boron	4	5.33%
C	Carbon	11	14.67%
O	Oxygen	69	92.00%
F	Fluorine	3	4.00%
Na	Sodium	30	40.00%
Mg	Magnesium	15	20.00%
Al	Aluminium	38	50.67%
Si	Silicon	41	54.67%
P	Phosphorus	5	6.67%
S	Sulfur	7	9.33%
Cl	Chlorine	1	1.33%
K	Potassium	18	24.00%
Ca	Calcium	29	38.67%
Ti	Titanium	5	6.67%
Mn	Manganese	3	4.00%
Fe	Iron	10	13.33%
As	Arsenic	1	1.33%
Sr	Strontium	4	5.33%
Ba	Barium	6	8.00%
La	Lanthanum	1	1.33%

References

Hazen, Robert M., Morrison, Shaunna M. (2022) On the paragenetic modes of minerals: A mineral evolution perspective. American Mineralogist, 107 (7) 1262-1287 doi:10.2138/am-2022-8099

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