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Phascolarctidae

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Description

The Phascolarctidae (Phascolos - pouch or bag, Arctos - bear, from the Greek phascolos + arctos meaning pouched bear) are a family of marsupials of the order Diprotodontia, consisting of only one extant species, the koala, and six well-known fossil species, with another five less well known fossil species, and two fossil species of the genus Koobor, whose taxonomy is debatable but are placed in this group. The closest relatives of the Phascolarctidae are the wombats, which comprise the family Vombatidae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phascolarctidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	9373	https://www.gbif.org/species/9373
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40173	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40173

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Diprotodontia : Phascolarctidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Theriamorpha
-	Theriiformes
-	Trechnotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Cladotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Boreosphenida
subclass	Theria	Parker and Haswell 1897
subclass	Metatheria
-	Marsupialia
-	Australidelphia	Szalay 1982
order	Diprotodontia	Owen 1866
suborder	Vombatiformes	Burnett 1830
family	Phascolarctidae	Owen 1839

Common Name

koala

Scientific Name

Phascolarctidae

Name Published In

Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.19

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Phascolarctidae	family	belongs to Phascolarctoidea	stated with evidence	Pocock, 1921
Phascolarctidae	family	belongs to Diprotodonta	stated without evidence	Lundelius and Turnbull, 1982
Phascolarctidae	family	belongs to Diprotodontia	implied	Nowak, 1991
Phascolarctidae	family	belongs to Vombatiformes	stated with evidence	Springer et al., 1994
Phascolarctidae	family	belongs to Phascolarctoidea	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Phascolarctidae	family	belongs to Vombatiformes	stated without evidence	Black and Archer, 1997

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (12%)

First Recorded Appearance

33.9 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Mammalia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Theria)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. C. McKenna and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level

Common Name(s)

Koalas, Koala

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phascolarctidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Invictokoala ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Koobor ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Litokoala ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	28.4 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Madakoala ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Nimiokoala ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Perikoala ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	33.9 Ma Oligocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Phascolarctos genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Koala	18	7.25 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Priscakoala ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1839	Phascolarctidae Owen
1921	Phascolarctidae Pocock p. 607
1982	Phascolarctidae Lundelius and Turnbull p. 13
1991	Phascolarctidae Nowak
1994	Phascolarctidae Springer et al. p. 86
1997	Phascolarctidae Black and Archer
1997	Phascolarctidae McKenna and Bell
2006	Phascolarctidae Munemasa et al. p. 189

References

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Pocock R. I. (1921) The External Characters of the Koala (Phascolarctos) and some related Marsupials, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 91 3, 591-607 doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1921.tb03283.x

Lundelius E. L., Turnbull W. D. (1982) The mammalian fauna of Madura Cave, Western Australia Part V: Diprotodonta (Part), Fieldiana Geology 11, 1-32

Nowak R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II

Springer M. S. Y., Westerman M., et al (1994) Relationships among orders and families of marsupials based on 12S ribosomal DNA sequences and the timing of the marsupial radiation, Journal of Mammalian Evolution 2 2, 85-115

Black K., Archer M. (1997) Nimiokoala gen. nov. (Marsupialia, Phascolarctidae) from Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, with a revision of Litokoala, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41 2, 209-228

Munemasa M., Nikaido M., et al (2006) Phylogenetic analysis of diprotodontian marsupials based on complete mitochondrial genomes, Genes & Genetic Systems 81 3, 181-191

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nowak, Ronald M., 1991: null. Walker's Mammals of the World, vol. 1, 5th ed.. 1629. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

McKenna, M. C.; Bell, S. K. (1997). Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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