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Brachypterygius extremus

Description

Brachypterygius (meaning ″wide wing/paddle″ in Greek) is an extinct genus of platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from the Late Jurassic of England. The type species was originally described and named as Ichthyosaurus extremus by Boulenger in 1904. Brachypterygius was named by Huene in 1922 for the width and shortness of the forepaddle, and the type species is therefore Brachypterygius extremus. The holotype of B. extremus was originally thought to be from the Lias Group of Bath, United Kingdom, but other specimens suggest it more likely came from the Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay (Late Jurassic) of Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset, UK.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)8599010https://www.gbif.org/species/8599010
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)170918https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=170918
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ophthalmosauridae : Brachypterygius : Brachypterygius extremus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ichthyosauria : Ophthalmosauridae : Brachypterygius : Brachypterygius extremus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-IchthyosauromorphaMotani et al. 2015
-IchthyosauriformesMotani et al. 2015
-Ichthyopterygia
-EoichthyosauriaMotani 1999
-Ichthyosauria
-ParvipelviaMotani 1999
-NeoichthyosauriaSander 2000
-ThunnosauriaMotani 1999
-BaracromiaFischer et al. 2013
familyOphthalmosauridaeAppleby 1956
subfamilyPlatypterygiinaeArkhangelsky 2001
genusBrachypterygiusHuene 1922
speciesBrachypterygius extremusBoulenger 1904
Generic NameBrachypterygius
Scientific NameBrachypterygius extremus (Boulenger, 1904)
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Brachypterygius extremusspeciesbelongs to Brachypterygiusstated without evidenceHuene, 1922
Brachypterygius extremusspeciessubjective synonym of Aegirosaurus leptospondylusstated without evidenceBardet and Fernandez, 2000
Brachypterygius extremusspeciesbelongs to Brachypterygiusstated without evidenceMcGowan and Motani, 2003
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance157 - 152 Ma
Jurassic
Last Recorded Appearance152 - 145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Environmentmarine (based on Ichthyosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Ichthyosauria)
Dietcarnivore (based on Ichthyosauria)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Ichthyosauria)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Ichthyosauria)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. B. Delair. 1960. The Mesozoic reptiles of Dorset. Part three: conclusion. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 81:59-85
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachypterygius_extremus

Fossil Distribution

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1904Ichthyosaurus extremus Boulenger
1922Brachypterygius extremus Huene
1960Brachypterygius extremus Delair p. 68
1976Brachypterygius mordax McGowan
1976Grendelius mordax McGowan pp. 671-674 figs. 1; 2A, B, C, F; 3
1997Brachypterygius extremus McGowan
2000Brachypterygius extremus Maisch and Matzke p. 79
YearName and Author
2000Brachypterygius mordax Maisch and Matzke p. 79
2000Brachypterygius mordax Sander
2003Brachypterygius extremus McGowan and Motani
2010Brachypterygius extremus Maisch
2010Brachypterygius mordax Maisch
2013Brachypterygius extremus Fischer et al.
2014Brachypterygius extremus Arkhangelsky and Zverkov

References

Delair J. B. (1960) The Mesozoic reptiles of Dorset. Part three: conclusion, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 81, 59-85
McGowan C. (1976) The description and phenetic relationships of a new ichthyosaur genus from the Upper Jurassic of England, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 13 5, 668-683
McGowan C. (1997) The taxonomic status of the Late Triassic ichthyosaur Grendelius mordax: a preliminary report, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 2, 428-430
Maisch M. W., Matzke A. T. (2000) The Ichthyosauria, Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 298, 1-159
Sander P. M. (2000) Ichthyosauria: their diversity, distribution and phylogeny, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 74 1/2, 1-35
Maisch M. W. (2010) Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art, Palaeodiversity 3, 151-214
Fischer V., Appleby R. M., et al (2013) A basal thunnosaurian from Iraq reveals disparate phylogenetic origins for Cretaceous ichthyosaurs, Biology Letters 98 4, 20130021 doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0021
Arkhangelsky M. S., Zverkov N. G. (2014) On a new ichthyosaur of the genus Undurosaurus, Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 318 5, 187-196
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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