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Corduliidae

Description

The insect family Corduliidae contains the emerald dragonflies or green-eyed skimmers. These dragonflies are usually black or dark brown with areas of metallic green or yellow, and most of them have large, emerald-green eyes. The larvae are black, hairy-looking, and usually semiaquatic. Members of this family include the baskettails, emeralds, river cruisers, sundragons, shadowdragons, and boghaunters. They are not uncommon and are found nearly worldwide, but some individual species are quite rare. Hine's emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana), for example, is an endangered species in the United States.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)7009https://www.gbif.org/species/7009
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)71733https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71733
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Corduliidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-Bilateria
-EubilateriaAx 1987
-ProtostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ecdysozoa
-Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumMandibulata
-Pancrustacea
superclassHexapodaLatreille 1825
-CercofilataKukalová-Peck 1987
classInsectaLinnaeus 1758
-Dicondylia
-ParanotaliaSroka et al. 2014
subclassPterygotaBrauer 1885
infraclassHydropalaeopteraRohdendorf 1969
-EuhydropalaeopteraSroka et al. 2014
-OdonatopteraMartynov 1932
-PalaeodonatopteraPetrulevicius and Gutiérrez 2016
-PlesiodonatopteraPetrulevicius and Gutiérrez 2016
-ApodonatopteraPetrulevicius and Gutiérrez 2016
-PaneodonatopteraNel et al. 2019
-NeodonatopteraBechly 1996
-EuodonatopteraBechly et al. 2001
-OdonatocladaBechly 1999
-NodialataBechly 1996
-DiscoidaliaBechly 1996
-StigmopteraBechly 1996
-PanodonataBechly 1996
orderOdonataFabricius 1793
-EpiproctophoraBechly 1996
-EuepiproctophoraBechly 1998
-AnisopteromorphaBechly 1996
-TrigonopteraBechly 1996
-PananisopteraBechly 1996
-NeoanisopteraBechly 1998
suborderAnisopteraSelys-Longchamps and Hagen 1854
-EuanisopteraBechly 1996
-ExophyticaBechly 1996
-CavilabiataBechly 1996
-CristotibiataBechly 1996
-BrachystigmataBechly 1996
-PaucipostnodaliaBechly and Ueda 2002
-EubrachystigmataBechly 1996
-NeobrachystigmataBechly 2003
-PaneurypalpidomorphaBechly 2003
-EurypalpidomorphaBechly 2003
-EurypalpidiformiaBechly 2003
-PaneurypalpidaBechly 1996
-EurypalpidaBechly 1996
-NeolamellidaBechly 1996
-ValvulidaBechly 1996
-TrichodopalpidaBechly 1996
-LaterocarinidaBechly 1996
-MediocostidaBechly 1996
-LongiansidaBechly 1996
-LiberaponsidaBechly 1996
-HaplohamulidaBechly 1996
-ItaloansidaBechly 1996
familyCorduliidaeSelys-Longchamps 1850
Common Namegreen-eyed skimmer
Scientific NameCorduliidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Corduliidaefamilybelongs to Libelluloideastated with evidencePritykina, 1986
Corduliidaefamilybelongs to Odonatastated with evidenceZhang, 1989
Corduliidaefamilybelongs to Anisopterastated with evidenceCarpenter, 1992
Corduliidaefamilybelongs to Libelluloideastated with evidenceGentilini, 1992
Corduliidaefamilybelongs to Haplohamulidastated with evidenceBechly, 2005
Corduliidaefamilybelongs to Italoansidastated with evidenceBechly, 2007
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)29
Extant Size (PBDB)10 (34%)
First Recorded Appearance125 - 122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Environmentfreshwater,terrestrial (based on Odonata)
Motilityfast-moving (based on Odonata)
Visionwell-developed (based on Odonata)
Dietcarnivore, insectivore (based on Odonata)
Reproductiondispersal=water (based on Odonata)
Taphonomychitin (based on Odonata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. F. Zhang. 1989. Fossil Insects From Shanwang, Shandong, China
Common Name(s) Emeralds, Green-eyed Skimmers, Skimmertrollsländor, Glanslibellen, Green-eyed Skimmer
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corduliidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Corduliinae
subfamily
listed (PBDB)1033.9 Ma
Oligocene
0 Ma
Extant
Gomphomacromiinae
subfamily
listed (PBDB)1125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant
Macromiinae
subfamily
listed (PBDB)620.4 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Aeschnosoma
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Antipodochlora
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Apocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Archaeophya
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Austrocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Austrophya
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cellulocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
18.70 Ma
Miocene
8.70 Ma
Miocene
Cordulephya
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Emerald212.7 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Corduliochlora
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cordulisantosia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Croatocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
112.7 Ma
Miocene
12.7 Ma
Miocene
Didymops
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Dorocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Epitheca
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
27.25 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Epophthalmia
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
220.4 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Gomphomacromia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Guadalca
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Helocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hemicordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Hesperocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Heteronaias
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Idionyx
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Idomacromia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lathrocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lauromacromia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Libellulosoma
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Macromia
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
River Cruiser420.4 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Macromidia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Mesocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Metaphya
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Micromidia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Miocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
116.0 Ma
Miocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene
Molercordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
156.0 Ma
Paleocene
56.0 Ma
Paleocene
Navicordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Neocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Neophya
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
238.0 Ma
Eocene
0 Ma
Extant
Nesocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Neurocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Oxygastra
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Paracordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Pentathemis
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Phyllomacromia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Procordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Pseudocordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Rialla
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Somatochlora
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
233.9 Ma
Oligocene
0 Ma
Extant
Stenogomphus
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
150.3 Ma
Eocene
50.3 Ma
Eocene
Stenogomphus
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Syncordulia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Tetragoneuria
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Williamsonia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Somathochlora brisaci
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1850Corduliidae Selys-Longchamps p. 66
1986Corduliidae Pritykina
1989Corduliidae Zhang p. 38
1992Corduliidae Carpenter p. 83
1992Corduliidae Gentilini
1994Corduliidae Nel and Paicheler p. 322
1996Corduliidae Jarzembowski and Nel p. 71
2005Corduliidae Bechly p. 2
2007Corduliidae Bechly

References

Zhang J. F. (1989) , Fossil Insects From Shanwang, Shandong, China, 1-459
Pritykina L. N. (1986) Two new dragonflies from the Lower Cretaceous deposits of West Mongolia (Anisoptera: Sonidae Fam. Nov, Corduliidae), Odonatologica 15, 169-184
Carpenter F. M. (1992) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4, 1-655
Gentilini G. (1992) Two new species of Epitheca from the Lower Messinian of central Italy, Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 123 3, 201-208
Nel A., Paicheler J. C. (1994) Les Libelluloidea autres que Libellulidae fossiles Un inventaire critique (Odonata, Corduliidae, Macromiidae, Synthemistidae, Chlorogomphidae et Mesophlebiidae), Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 11, 321-334
Jarzembowski E. A., Nel A. (1996) New fossil dragonflies from the Lower Cretaceous of SE England and the phylogeny of the superfamily Libelluloidea (Insecta: Odonata), Cretaceous Research 17, 67-85
Bechly G. (2005) A new fossil dragonfly (Anisoptera: Corduliidae) from the Paleocene Fur Formation (Mo clay) of Denmark, Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 358, 1-7
Bechly G. (2007) , Phylogenetic Systematics of Odonata
Paulson, Dennis R., and Sidney W. Dunkle, 1999: A Checklist of North American Odonata including English name, etymology, type locality, and distribution. Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, Occasional Paper no. 56. 88. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Dijkstra, K.D.B. et al. (2002) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)
Askew, R.R. (1988) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)
Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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