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Helodermatidae

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Description

Heloderma, or beaded lizards, are large, stocky, slow-moving reptiles that prefer semi-arid climates. Their tails are short and used as fat storage organs. They are covered with small, non-overlapping, bead-like scales, with osteoderms on the undersides of their bodies. All species are dark in color, with yellowish or pinkish markings. Heloderma is the only living genus of the family Helodermatidae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helodermatidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	6934	https://www.gbif.org/species/6934
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38031	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38031

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Helodermatidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Lepidosauromorpha
superorder	Lepidosauria
order	Squamata	Oppel 1811
-	Episquamata	Pyron et al. 2013
-	Toxicofera	Vidal and Hedges 2005
suborder	Anguimorpha	Fürbringer 1900
-	Anguiformes	Conrad 2006
infraorder	Platynota	Baur 1890
superfamily	Varanoidea	Gray 1827
family	Helodermatidae	Gray 1837

Scientific Name

Helodermatidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Diploglossa	stated with evidence	Cope, 1871
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Helodermatoidea	stated without evidence	Baur, 1890
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Lacertae	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Anguoidea	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Platynota	stated with evidence	McDowell and Bogert, 1954
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Varanoidea	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Varanoidea	stated without evidence	Seiffert, 1975
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Varanoidea	stated with evidence	Estes, 1983
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Varanoidea	implied	Carroll, 1988
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Varanoidea	stated without evidence	Estes et al., 1988
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Anguimorpha	stated without evidence	Gao and Fox, 1996
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Lacertilia	stated without evidence	Frank and Ramus, 1996
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Monstersauria	stated without evidence	Norell and Gao, 1997
Helodermatidae	family	belongs to Anguimorpha	stated without evidence	Peng et al., 2001

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

1 (100%)

First Recorded Appearance

83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Diapsida)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore

Reproduction

oviparous (based on Varanoidea)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Beaded Lizards, Gila Monsters, Venomous Lizards

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helodermatidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Eurheloderma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	56.0 Ma Paleocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Heloderma genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Beaded Lizard	5	24.8 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Paraderma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tachyderma horridum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Helodermidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Helodermidae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1837	Helodermatidae Gray
1871	Helodermidae Cope p. 236
1875	Helodermidae Cope p. 19
1890	Helodermatidae Baur p. 262
1898	Helodermatidae Gadow p. 26
1946	Helodermidae Kuhn p. 61
1954	Helodermatidae McDowell and Bogert p. 131
1966	Helodermatidae Kuhn p. 57

Year	Name and Author
1975	Helodermatidae Seiffert p. 10
1983	Helodermatidae Estes
1988	Helodermatidae Carroll
1988	Helodermatidae Estes et al.
1996	Helodermidae Frank and Ramus
1996	Helodermatidae Gao and Fox p. 81
1997	Helodermatidae Norell and Gao pp. 11-12
2001	Helodermatidae Peng et al. p. 30

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

McDowell S. B., Bogert C. M. (1954) The systematic postition of Lanthanotus and the affinities of the anguinomorphan lizards, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 105 1, 1-142

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Seiffert J. (1975) Upper Jurassic lizards from central Portugal, Contribuição para o conhecimento da Fauna do Kimerridgiano da Mina de Lignito Guimarota (Leiria, Portugal). Serviços Geológicos de Portugal, Memória (Nova Série) 22, 7-85

Estes R. (1983) Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie 10A, 1-249

Estes R., de Queiroz K., et al (1988) Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata, Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families, 119-282

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Gao K. -Q., Fox R. C. (1996) Taxonomy and evolution of Late Cretaceous lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from western Canada, Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of natural History 33, 1-107

Norell M. A., Gao K. (1997) Braincase and phylogenetic relationships of Estesia mongoliensis from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert and the recognition of a new clade of lizards, American Museum Novitates 3211, 1-25

Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54

Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed., 1993: Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de México, cambios taxonómicos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17. iv + 73. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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