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Pteranodon longiceps

Description

Pteranodon (from Greek πτερόν (pteron, "wing") and ἀνόδων (anodon, "toothless")) is a genus of pterosaur that included some of the largest known flying reptiles, with wingspans over 7 meters (23 feet). They lived during the late Cretaceous geological period of North America in present-day Kansas, Alabama, Nebraska, Wyoming, and South Dakota. More fossil specimens of Pteranodon have been found than any other pterosaur, with about 1,200 specimens known to science, many of them well preserved with nearly complete skulls and articulated skeletons. It was an important part of the animal community in the Western Interior Seaway.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)5935848https://www.gbif.org/species/5935848
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)52932https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52932
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pteranodontidae : Pteranodon : Pteranodon longiceps
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pteranodon : Pteranodon longiceps
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-PterosauromorphaPadian 1997
-Pterosauria
suborderPterodactyloideaPlieninger 1901
suborderPteranodontiaMarsh 1876
genusPteranodonMarsh 1876
speciesPteranodon longicepsMarsh 1876
Generic NamePteranodon
Scientific NamePteranodon longiceps (Marsh, 1876)
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Pteranodon longicepsspeciesbelongs to Pteranodonstated without evidenceMarsh, 1876
Pteranodon longicepsspeciesbelongs to Pteranodonstated with evidenceZittel, 1890
Pteranodon longicepsspeciesbelongs to Pteranodonstated without evidenceWilliston, 1892
Pteranodon longicepsspeciesbelongs to Pteranodonstated with evidenceWilliston, 1903
Pteranodon longicepsspeciesbelongs to Pteranodon (Longicepia)stated with evidenceMiller, 1971
Pteranodon longicepsspeciessubjective synonym of Pteranodon ingensstated with evidenceSchoch, 1984
Pteranodon longicepsspeciesbelongs to Pteranodonstated with evidenceBennett, 1994
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance85.8 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentmarine (based on Pterosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietpiscivore (based on Pteranodon)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)O. C. Marsh. 1876. Notice of a new sub-order of Pterosauria. American Journal of Science 11:507-509
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteranodon_longiceps

Fossil Distribution

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Pteranodon walkeri Miller, 1971GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pteranodontidae : Pteranodon : Pteranodon walkeri
Pteranodon marshi Miller, 1971GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pteranodontidae : Pteranodon : Pteranodon marshi

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1876Pteranodon longiceps Marsh p. 508
1884Pteranodon longiceps Marsh p. 426
1890Pteranodon longiceps Zittel p. 799
1892Pteranodon longiceps Williston p. 2
1902Pteranodon longiceps Hay p. 508
1903Pteranodon longiceps Williston
1971Pteranodon (Longicepia) longiceps Miller p. 9
1971Pteranodon (Longicepia) marshi Miller p. 9
YearName and Author
1971Pteranodon (Sternbergia) walkeri Miller p. 15
1971Pteranodon (Longicepia) longiceps Miller p. 21
1994Pteranodon longiceps Bennett p. 26
2003Pteranodon longiceps Unwin p. 145
2010Pteranodon longiceps Kellner
2014Pteranodon longiceps Andres et al.
2014Pteranodon longiceps Headden and Campos
2014Pteranodon longiceps Vila Nova et al.

References

Marsh O. C. Notice of a new sub-order of Pterosauria, American Journal of Science 11, 507-509
Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900
Williston S. W. Kansas pterodactyls 1, Kansas University Quarterly 1, 1-13
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Williston S. W. (1903) On the osteology of Nyctosaurus (Nyctodactylus), with notes on American pterosaurs, Field Columbian Museum Publications, Geological Series 2, 125-163
Miller H. W. (1971) The taxonomy of the Pteranodon species from Kansas, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 74 1, 1-19
Miller H. W. (1971) A skull of Pteranodon (Longicepia) longiceps Marsh associated with wing and body bones, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 74 1, 20-33
Bennett S. C. (1994) Taxonomy and systematics of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea), Occasional Papers of the Natural History Museum of the University of Kansas 169, 1-70
Unwin D. M. (2003) On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs, Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs, Geological Society of London, Special Publications 217, 139-190
Kellner A. W. A. (2010) Comments on the Pteranodontidae (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) with a description of two new species, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 82 4, 1063-1084
Andres B., Clark J., et al (2014) The earliest pterodactyloid and the origin of the group, Current Biology 24, 1-6
Headden J. A., Campos H. B. N. (2014) An unusual edentulous pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Romualdo Formation of Brazil, Historical Biology doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2014.904302
Vila Nova B. C., Sayão J. M., et al (2014) Redescription of Cearadactylus atrox (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Romualdo Formation (Santana Group) of the Araripe Basin, Brazil, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 1, 126-134
A. W. A. Kellner (2010) Comments on the Pteranodontidae (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) with a description of two new species: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 4: 1063--1084 - via Catalogue of Life
B. Andres, J. Clark, X. Xu (2014) The earliest pterodactyloid and the origin of the group: Current Biology: 1--6 - via Catalogue of Life
H. W. Miller (1971) The taxonomy of the Pteranodon species from Kansas: Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 1: 1--19 - via Catalogue of Life
O. C. Marsh (1876) Notice of a new sub-order of Pterosauria: American Journal of Science: 507--509 - via Catalogue of Life
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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