| Description | The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), the only species in genus Ondatra and tribe Ondatrini, is a medium-sized semiaquatic rodent native to North America and an introduced species in parts of Europe, Asia, and South America. The muskrat is found in wetlands over a wide range of climates and habitats. It has important effects on the ecology of wetlands, and is a resource of food and fur for humans.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | species |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra zibethicus |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra zibethicus |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Generic Name | Ondatra |
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| Common Name | muskrat |
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| Scientific Name | Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766) |
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| Name Published In | Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.79 |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Ondatra zibethicus | species | belongs to Castor | stated without evidence | Linnaeus, 1766 | | Ondatra zibethicus | species | belongs to Fiber | stated without evidence | Leidy, 1860 | | Ondatra zibethicus | species | belongs to Ondatra | stated without evidence | Crile and Quiring, 1940 | | Ondatra zibethicus | species | belongs to Ondatra | stated with evidence | Galewski et al., 2006 | | Ondatra zibethicus | species | belongs to Ondatra | stated without evidence | Albright et al., 2019 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 1 |
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| Extant Size (PBDB) | 1 (100%) |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 2.59 - 0.78 Ma
Pleistocene |
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| Environment | terrestrial (based on Eutheria) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes) |
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| Diet | herbivore (based on Rodentia) |
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| Taphonomy | phosphatic (based on Vertebrata) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | B. Kurten and E. Anderson. 1980. Pleistocene mammals of North America |
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| Common Name(s) | Muskrat, Muskusrat, Rat Musqué, Bisamratte, Bisam, Bisamratte, Bisamrat, Ondatra, Bisamrotte, Moskusrotte, Rata Almizclera, Piisami, Bizam, Pézsmapocok, Bísamrotta, Moskusrotta, Topo Muschiato, Rato-almiscarado, Bizamul, Sobolanul-mirositor, Bisam, Common Muskrat, Bisamråtta, Muskbeaver |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondatra_zibethicus |
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| Name | Source | Taxon Rank | Taxonomy |
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| Fiber zibethicus maculosa Richardson, 1829 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus maculosa |
| Fiber zibethicus albus Sabine, 1823 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus albus |
| Fiber zibethicus hudsonius Preble, 1902 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus hudsonius |
| Fiber osoyoosensis Lord, 1863 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber osoyoosensis |
| Fiber zibethicus varius Fitzinger, 1867 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus varius |
| Fiber nebrascensis (Hollister, 1911) | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber nebrascensis |
| Fiber zibethicus zalophus Hollister, 1910 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus zalophus |
| Ondatra zibethica goldmani Huey, 1938 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra zibethica goldmani |
| Fiber zibethicus rivalicius Bangs, 1895 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus rivalicius |
| Fiber zibethicus cinnamominus Hollister, 1910 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus cinnamominus |
| Fiber zibethicus pallidus Mearns, 1890 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus pallidus |
| Fiber spatulatus Osgood, 1900 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber spatulatus |
| Fiber macrodon Merriam, 1897 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber macrodon |
| Fiber obscurus Bangs, 1894 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber obscurus |
| Ondatra zibethica bernardi Goldman, 1932 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra zibethica bernardi |
| Ondatra zibethicus zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766) | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra zibethicus zibethicus |
| Fiber zibethicus aquilonius Bangs, 1899 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus aquilonius |
| Fiber occipitalis Elliot, 1903 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber occipitalis |
| Fiber zibethicus nigra Richardson, 1829 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus nigra |
| Ondatra americana Tiedemann, 1808 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra americana |
| Ondatra triradicatus Starrett, 1956 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra triradicatus |
| Fiber zibethicus ripensis Bailey, 1902 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus ripensis |
| Fiber zibethicus niger Fitzinger, 1867 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus niger |
| Castor zibethicus Linnaeus, 1766 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Castor zibethicus |
| Fiber zibethicus mergens Hollister, 1910 | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus mergens |
| Ondatra zibethicus rivalicius (Bangs, 1895) | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra zibethicus rivalicius |
| Ondatra zibethicus ripensis (Bailey, 1902) | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra zibethicus ripensis |
| Ondatra zibethicus obscurus (Bangs, 1894) | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra zibethicus obscurus |
| Ondatra nebrascensis (Hollister, 1911) | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra nebrascensis |
| Ondatra zibethicus aquilonius (Bangs, 1899) | GBIF | subspecies | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Ondatra zibethicus aquilonius |
| Fiber zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766) | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Ondatra : Fiber zibethicus |
| Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442 |
| Leidy J. Description of Vertebrate Fossils, Post-Pleiocene Fossils of South-Carolina, 99-122 |
| Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868 |
| Crile G., Quiring D. P. (1940) A record of the body weight and certain organ and gland weights of 3690 animals, Ohio Journal of Science 40 5, 219-259 |
| Hibbard C. W. (1955) The Jinglebob Interglacial (Sangamon?) Fauna from Kansas and its Climatic Significance 12 10, 179-228 |
| Starrett A. (1956) Pleistocene Mammals of the Berends Fauna of Oklahoma, Journal of Paleontology 30 5, 1187-1192 |
| Semken, Jr. H. A. (1966) Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the McPherson Equus Beds (Sandahl Local Fauna), McPherson County, Kansas, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 20 6, 121-178 |
| Wilson R. L. (1967) The Pleistocene vertebrates of Michigan, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 52, 197-234 |
| Miller W. E. (1976) Late Pleistocene vertebrates of the Silver Creek local fauna from north Central Utah, Great Basin Naturalist 36 4 |
| Wilson D. E., Reeder D. M. (1993) , Mammal species of the world, 1-1206 |
| Galewski T., Tilak M., et al (2006) The evolutionary radiation of Arvicolinae rodents (voles and lemmings): relative contribution of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies, BMC Evolutionary Biology 6 80 |
| Albright L. B., Sanders A. E., et al (2019) Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A. and additions to the fauna, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 57 2, 77-236 |
| Keller RP, Ermgassen PSEz, Aldridge DC (2009) Vectors and Timing of Freshwater Invasions in Great Britain. Conservation Biology 23:1526–1534. - via RINSE - Pathways and vectors of biological invasions in Northwest Europe |
| GB Non-native Species Secretariat (2016) GB Non-native Species Information Portal. https://secure.fera.defra.gov.uk/nonnativespecies/home/index.cfm (accessed 2016). - via RINSE - Pathways and vectors of biological invasions in Northwest Europe |
| (1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life |
| Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life |
| Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life |
| (2003) database, http://www.menv.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/centre.htm - via Catalogue of Life |
| Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada: Resource Publication, no. 166 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Rödlistningsarbetet (2005) Synonymikhantering i samband med rödlistningsprocessen inför 2005 års rödlista. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas |
| Belgian Forum on Invasive Species BFIS (2000-2016) Harmonia database. http://ias.biodiversity.be (accessed 2016). - via RINSE - Pathways and vectors of biological invasions in Northwest Europe |
| Naturalis (2005-2016) Nederlands Soortenregister, version 2.0. http://www.nederlandsesoorten.nl (accessed 2016). - via RINSE - Pathways and vectors of biological invasions in Northwest Europe |
| Musser, Guy G., and Michael D. Carleton / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Superfamily Muroidea: Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 2 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. (1999) The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals - via Catalogue of Life |
| Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe DAISIE (2003-2016) Alien Species Database. http://www.europe-aliens.org (accessed 2016). - via RINSE - Pathways and vectors of biological invasions in Northwest Europe |
| North European and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species NOBANIS (2016) Gateway to Information on Invasive Alien species in North and Central Europe. http://www.nobanis.org (accessed 2016). - via RINSE - Pathways and vectors of biological invasions in Northwest Europe |
| Hall, E. Raymond (1981) The Mammals of North America, 2nd ed., vol. 2 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds., 1999: null. The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. xxv + 750. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Hall, E. Raymond, 1981: null. The Mammals of North America, 2nd ed., vol. 2. 601-1175. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Musser, Guy G., and Michael D. Carleton / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: Superfamily Muroidea. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 2. 894-1531. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
Ondatra zibethicus
