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BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Pusa hispida

Description

The ringed seal (Pusa hispida or Phoca hispida), also known as the jar seal, as netsik or nattiq by the Inuit, is an earless seal inhabiting the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. The ringed seal is a relatively small seal, rarely greater than 1.5 m in length, with a distinctive patterning of dark spots surrounded by light grey rings, hence its common name. It is the most abundant and wide-ranging ice seal in the Northern Hemisphere: ranging throughout the Arctic Ocean, into the Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea as far south as the northern coast of Japan in the Pacific, and throughout the North Atlantic coasts of Greenland and Scandinavia as far south as Newfoundland, and include two freshwater subspecies in northern Europe. Ringed seals are one of the primary prey of polar bears and killer whales, and have long been a component of the diet of indigenous people of the Arctic.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)5219369https://www.gbif.org/species/5219369
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)80722https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=80722
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Pusa : Pusa hispida
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Pusa : Pusa hispida
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
-PinnipedimorphaBerta et al. 1989
-Pinnipedia
familyPhocidaeGray 1821
subfamilyPhocinaeGray 1821
genusPusaScopoli 1777
speciesPusa hispidaSchreber 1775
Generic NamePusa
Common Nameringed seal
Scientific NamePusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)
Name Published InDie Säugethiere vol.2 13 p.pl. 86[1775]; see also text 3(17):312[1776]
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Pusa hispidaspeciesbelongs to Phoca (Pusa)stated without evidenceAllen, 1902
Pusa hispidaspeciesbelongs to Pusastated with evidenceDeméré et al., 2003
Pusa hispidaspeciesbelongs to Pusastated without evidenceDavis et al., 2004
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)5
Extant Size (PBDB)5 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentmarine (based on Pinnipedia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietpiscivore, carnivore (based on Phocidae)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Ontogenymodification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Primary Reference (PBDB)O. P. Hay. 1930. Second Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington 390(II):1-1074
Common Name(s) Vikare, Kleine Zeehond, Ringelrob, Stinkrob, Phoque Annelé, Ringed Seal, Foca Anillada, Foca Ocelada, Foka Obrączokwana, Halkalı Fok, Nerpa Obrączkowana, Ringsel, Snadd, žieduotasis Ruonis, Δακτυλιοφόρος φώκια, Кільчаста нерпа, кольчатая нерпа, ワモンアザラシ, Ringsæl
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusa_hispida

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Phoca hispida gichigensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Pusa hispida botnica
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Pusa hispida gichigensis
subspecies
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
Pusa hispida hispida
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Pusa hispida ladogensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Pusa hispida lagodensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Pusa hispida ochotensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
0 Ma
Extant
Pusa hispida saimensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
0 Ma
Extant

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Callocephalus hispidus (Schreber, 1775)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Pusa : Callocephalus hispidus
Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Pusa : Phoca hispida

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1775Phoca hispida Schreber
1776Phoca foetida Fabricius
1800Phoca dimidiata Schlegel
1820Phoca annellata Nillson p. 365
1850Callocephalus foetidus Gray p. 23
1850Callocephalus hispidus Gray p. 23
1850Callocephalus dimidiatus Gray p. 24
1866Pagomys foetida Gill p. 5
1866Callocephalus dimidiatus Gray p. 22
1866Pagomys foetidus Gray p. 23
1880Phoca (Pusa) foetida Allen p. 597
1898Phoca (Phoca) foetida Trouessart p. 385
1902Phoca (Pusa) hispida Allen p. 477
1904Pusa hispida Trouessart p. 287
YearName and Author
1912Phoca hispida Turner p. 184
1930Phoca hispida Hay p. 562
1947Phoca (Pusa) hispida Friant p. 7
1963Pusa hispida Scheffer and Rice p. 3
1980Phoca hispida Kurten and Anderson p. 205
1990Phoca hispida Riedman p. 57 figs. Table 2
2001Pusa hispida Koretsky p. 85
2003Pusa hispida Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2004Pusa hispida Davis et al. p. 365
2005Pusa hispida Wilson and Reeder
2006Pusa hispida Koretsky and Barnes p. 148
2012Pusa hispida Berta and Churchill p. 225
2014Pusa hispida Cullen et al. p. 1471 figs. Figure 1
2018Pusa hispida Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 2

References

Hay O. P. (1930) Second Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America, Carnegie Institution of Washington 390 II, 1-1074
Gray J. E. , Catalogue of the Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum, with descriptions of all the species and figures of the genera. Part II. Seals, 1-48
Gill T. Prodrome of a monograph of the pinnipedes, Proceedings of the Essex Institute 5 1, 1-13
Gray J. E. , Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum, 1-402
Allen J. A. History of North American Pinnipeds, US Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Miscellaneous Publications 12, 1-785
Trouessart E. L. , Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilum 5, 665-1264
Allen J. A. (1902) The hair seals (Family Phocidae) of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 16 34, 459-499
Trouessart E. L. (1904) , Catalogus Mammalium Tam Viventium Quam Fossilium, Fourth Edition, 1-929
Friant M. (1947) Recherches sur le femur des phocidae, Bulletin du Musee royal d'Hisoire naturelle de Belgique 23 2, 1-51
Scheffer V. B., Rice D. W. (1963) A list of the marine mammals of the world, United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 431, 1-12
Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442
Riedman M. (1990) The Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, 1-439
Koretsky I. (2001) Morphology and systematics of Miocene Phocinae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Paratethys and the North Atlantic region, Geologica Hungarica Series Palaeontologica 54, 1-109
Deméré T. A., Berta A., et al (2003) Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 32-76
Davis C. S., Delisle I., et al (2004) A phylogeny of the extant Phocidae inferred from complete mitochondrial DNA coding regions, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33, 363-377
Wilson D. E., Reeder D. M. (2005) , Mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference, 1-2142
Koretsky I. A., Barnes L. G. (2006) Pinniped Evolutionary History and Paleobiogeography, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Vertebrates and Paleoenvironments: Tributes to the career of Prof. Dan Grigorescu, 143-153
Berta A., Churchill M. (2012) Pinniped taxonomy: review of currently recognized species and subspecies, and evidence used for their description, Mammal Review 42 3, 207-234 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00193.x
Cullen T. M., Fraser D., et al (2014) Early evolution of sexual dimorphism and polygyny in Pinnipedia, Evolution 68 5, 1469-1484 doi:10.1111/evo.12360
Berta A., Churchill M., et al (2018) The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, 203-228 doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009
Gärdenfors (ed.) (2010) Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2010 - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Wilson, D.M (eds) (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed). Johns Hopkins University Press. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Liu J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species
Katona, S. K.; Rough, V.; Richardson, D. J. (1983). A field guide to the whales, porpoises and seals of the Gulf of Maine and eastern Canada, Cape Cod to Newfoundland. Charles Scribner's Sons. New York. 1-255. - via World Register of Marine Species
Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). Cetacea. In Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. 723--743. - via World Register of Marine Species
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2 - via Catalogue of Life
Rice, Dale W., 1998: Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Rice, Dale W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution: Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4 - via Catalogue of Life
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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