| Source Data | |
|---|
| Rank | species |
|---|
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Pliohippus : Pliohippus pernix |
|---|
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Pliohippus : Pliohippus pernix |
|---|
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
|---|
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
|---|
| Generic Name | Pliohippus |
|---|
| Scientific Name | Pliohippus pernix (Marsh, 1874) |
|---|
| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
|---|
| Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Pliohippus | stated without evidence | Marsh, 1874 | | Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Hippidium | stated without evidence | Cope, 1880 | | Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Pliohippus | stated without evidence | Roger, 1896 | | Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Protohippus | stated without evidence | Gidley, 1903 | | Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Pliohippus | stated without evidence | Trouessart, 1905 | | Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Pliohippus | stated with evidence | Gidley, 1907 | | Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Protohippus | stated without evidence | Matthew, 1909 | | Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Pliohippus | stated with evidence | Osborn, 1918 | | Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Pliohippus | stated without evidence | Matthew, 1924 | | Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Pliohippus (Pliohippus) | stated without evidence | Stirton, 1940 | | Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Pliohippus | stated without evidence | Henshaw, 1942 | | Pliohippus pernix | species | belongs to Pliohippus | stated with evidence | Kelly, 1995 |
|
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 1 |
|---|
| First Recorded Appearance | 23.0 - 13.8 Ma
Miocene |
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| Last Recorded Appearance | 13.6 - 2.6 Ma
Cenozoic |
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| Environment | terrestrial (based on Eutheria) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes) |
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| Diet | browser (based on Pliohippus) |
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| Taphonomy | phosphatic (based on Vertebrata) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | O. C. Marsh. 1874. Notice of new equine mammals from the Tertiary formation. American Journal of Science 7(39):247-258 |
|---|
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|
| 1874 | Pliohippus pernix Marsh p. 252 |
| 1874 | Pliohippus robustus Marsh p. 253 |
| 1880 | Hippidium pernix Cope |
| 1880 | Hippidium robustus Cope |
| 1896 | Pliohippus pernix Roger |
| 1896 | Pliohippus robustus Roger |
| 1897 | Pliohippus pernix Marsh |
| 1898 | Pliohippus pernix Trouessart |
| 1898 | Pliohippus robustus Trouessart |
| 1899 | Pliohippus pernix Matthew |
| 1899 | Pliohippus robustus Matthew |
| 1902 | Pliohippus pernix Hay p. 618 |
| 1902 | Pliohippus robustus Hay p. 618 |
| 1903 | Protohippus pernix Gidley |
| 1905 | Pliohippus pernix Trouessart |
| 1907 | Pliohippus pernix Gidley p. 892 |
| 1907 | Pliohippus robustus Gidley p. 894 |
| 1909 | Protohippus pernix Matthew |
| 1909 | Protohippus robustus Matthew |
| 1916 | Pliohippus lullianus Troxell |
| 1918 | Pliohippus pernix Osborn p. 151 figs. Plates 25.12, 28.1. Text Figs. 120, 121, 122 |
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|
| 1918 | Pliohippus robustus Osborn p. 155 figs. Text Fig. 123 |
| 1918 | Pliohippus lullianus Osborn p. 160 figs. Plate 27. Text Fig. 127 |
| 1924 | Pliohippus pernix Matthew |
| 1930 | Pliohippus robustus Hay |
| 1930 | Pliohippus pernix Matthew and Stirton |
| 1930 | Pliohippus robustus Matthew and Stirton |
| 1940 | Pliohippus (Pliohippus) lullianus Stirton p. 192 |
| 1940 | Pliohippus (Pliohippus) pernix Stirton p. 192 |
| 1940 | Pliohippus (Pliohippus) robustus Stirton p. 192 |
| 1942 | Pliohippus pernix Henshaw |
| 1955 | Pliohippus pernix Quinn p. 22 |
| 1969 | Pliohippus pernix Webb |
| 1987 | Pliohippus lullianus Quinn |
| 1988 | Pliohippus lullianus Kelly and Lander |
| 1989 | Pliohippus pernix Hulbert, Jr. |
| 1990 | Pliohippus pernix Voorhies |
| 1995 | Pliohippus pernix Kelly p. 14 |
| 1998 | Pliohippus pernix Kelly |
| 1998 | Pliohippus pernix MacFadden p. 550 |
| 2019 | Pliohippus pernix May |
| Marsh O. C. Notice of new equine mammals from the Tertiary formation, American Journal of Science 7 39, 247-258 doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-7.39.247 |
| Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868 |
| Gidley J. W. (1903) The fresh-water Tertiary of northwestern Texas : American Museum expeditions of 1899-1901, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 19 26, 617-635 |
| Gidley J. W. (1907) Revision of the Miocene and Pliocene Equidae of North America, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 23 35, 865-934 |
| Matthew W. D. (1909) The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9, 289-567 |
| Troxell E. L. (1916) An early Pliocene one-toed horse, Pliohippus lullianus sp. nov, American Journal of Science 42 250, 335-348 |
| Osborn H. F. (1918) Equidae of the Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene of North America, iconographic type revision, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 2 1, 1-217 |
| Matthew W. D. (1924) Third contribution to the Snake Creek Fauna, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 50, 59-210 |
| Matthew W. D., Stirton R. A. (1930) Equidae from the Pliocene of Texas, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 19 17, 349-396 |
| Stirton R. A. (1940) Phylogeny of North American Equidae, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 25 4, 165-198 |
| Henshaw P. C. (1942) A Tertiary mammalian fauna from the San Antonio Mountains near Tonopah, Nevada, Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 530 5, 77-168 |
| Quinn J. H. (1955) Miocene Equidae of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain, Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas Report of Investigations 5516, 1-102 |
| Quinn J. P. (1987) Stratigraphy Of The Middle Miocene Bopesta Formation, Southern Sierra Nevada, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 393, 1-31 |
| Kelly T. S., Lander E. B. (1988) Biostratigraphy and Correlation of Hemingfordian and Barstovian Land Mammal Assemblages, Caliente Formation, Cuyama Valley Area, California, Tertiary Tectonics and Sedimentation in the Cuyama Basin, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties, California, 1-19 |
| Hulbert, Jr. R. C. (1989) Phylogenetic Interrelationships and Evolution of North American Late Equidae, The Evolution of Perissodactyls |
| Voorhies M. R. (1990) Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Ogallala Group in Nebraska, Geologic Framework and Regional Hydrology: Upper Cenozoic Blackwater Draw and Ogallala Formations, Great Plains, 115-151 |
| Kelly T. S. (1995) New Miocene horses from the Caliente Formation, Cuyama Valley Badlands, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 455, 1-33 |
| Kelly T. S. (1998) New Middle Miocene equid crania from California and their implications for the phylogeny of the Equini, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 473, 1-44 |
| MacFadden B. J. (1998) Equidae, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 537-559 |
| May S. R. (2019) The Lapara Creek Fauna: Early Clarendonian of south Texas, USA, Palaeontologia Electronica 22.1.15, 1-129 doi:10.26879/929 |
Pliohippus pernix ✝
