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Silesaurus opolensis

Description

Silesaurus is a genus of silesaurid dinosauriform from the Late Triassic, approximately 230 million years ago in the Carnian faunal stage of what is now Poland. Fossilized remains of Silesaurus have been found in the Keuper Claystone in Krasiejów near Opole, Silesia, Poland, which is also the origin of its name. The type species, Silesaurus opolensis, was described by Jerzy Dzik in 2003. It is known from some 20 skeletons, making it one of the best-represented of the early dinosauriformes.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4966028https://www.gbif.org/species/4966028
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)81776https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81776
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Silesaurus : Silesaurus opolensis
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Silesauridae : Silesaurus : Silesaurus opolensis
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-SilesauridaeLanger et al. 2010
-SulcimentisauriaMartz and Small 2019
genusSilesaurusDzik 2003
speciesSilesaurus opolensisDzik 2003
Generic NameSilesaurus
Scientific NameSilesaurus opolensis Dzik, 2003
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Silesaurus opolensisspeciesbelongs to Silesaurusstated without evidenceDzik, 2003
Silesaurus opolensisspeciesbelongs to Silesaurusstated with evidenceNesbitt, 2011
Silesaurus opolensisspeciesbelongs to Silesaurusstated without evidenceKammerer et al., 2012
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance237 - 209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Last Recorded Appearance237 - 209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Diapsida)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietherbivore (based on Silesaurus)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. Dzik. 2003. A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaur affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(3):556-574
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silesaurus_opolensis

Fossil Distribution

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
2003Silesaurus opolensis Dzik pp. 560-561 figs. 1-14
2006Silesaurus opolensis Ezcurra p. 657 fig. 3
2006Silesaurus opolensis Langer and Benton p. 311
2007Silesaurus opolensis Irmis et al. p. 359
2007Silesaurus opolensis Irmis et al. p. 15
2007Silesaurus opolensis Smith and Pol p. 660
2008Silesaurus opolensis Butler et al. p. 17
2008Silesaurus opolensis D'Orazi Porchetti et al. p. 283 fig. 10
YearName and Author
2008Silesaurus opolensis Irmis and Knoll p. 121
2009Silesaurus opolensis Martínez and Alcober p. 1
2010Silesaurus opolensis Langer et al. p. 59
2011Silesaurus opolensis Nesbitt p. 48
2012Silesaurus opolensis Kammerer et al. p. 277
2016Silesaurus opolensis Griffin and Nesbitt p. 2
2019Silesaurus opolensis Martz and Small p. 2

References

Dzik J. (2003) A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaur affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 3, 556-574
Ezcurra M. D. (2006) A review of the systematic position of the dinosauriform archosaur Eucoelophysis baldwini Sullivan & Lucas, 1999 from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA, Geodiversitas 28 4, 649-684
Irmis R. B., Nesbitt S. J., et al (2007) A Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage from New Mexico and the rise of dinosaurs, Science 317, 358-361
Irmis R. B., Parker W. G., et al (2007) Early ornithischian dinosaurs: the Triassic record, Historical Biology 19 1, 3-22 doi:10.1080/08912960600719988
Smith N. D., Pol D. (2007) Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52 4, 657-674
Butler R. J., Upchurch P., et al (2008) The phylogeny of ornithischian dinosaurs, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6 1, 1-40 doi:10.1017/S1477201907002271
D'Orazi Porchetti S., Nicosia U., et al (2008) Atreipus-like footprints and their co-occurrence with Evazoum from the upper Carnian (Tuvalian) of Trentino-Alto Adige, Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali, Acta Geologica 83, 277-287
Martínez R. N., Alcober O. A. (2009) A basal sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Triassic, Carnian) and the early evolution of Sauropodomorpha, PLoS ONE 4 2 (e4397), 1-12 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004397
Langer M. C., Ezcurra M. D., et al (2010) The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs, Biological Reviews 85, 55-110 doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00094.x
Nesbitt S. J. (2011) The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 353, 1-292
Kammerer C. F., Nesbitt S. J., et al (2012) The first basal dinosauriform (Silesauridae) from the Late Triassic of Morocco, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 2, 277-284 doi:10.4202/app.2011.0015
Griffin C. T., Nesbitt S. J. (2016) The femoral ontogeny and long bone histology of the Middle Triassic (?late Anisian) dinosauriform Asilisaurus kongwe and implications for the growth of early dinosaurs, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 3, e1111224:1-22 doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1111224
Martz J. W., Small B. J. (2019) Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae), PeerJ 7, e7551:1-71 doi:10.7717/peerj.7551
J. Dzik (2003) A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaur affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3: 556--574 - via Catalogue of Life
S. J. Nesbitt (2011) The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: 1--292 - via Catalogue of Life
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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