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Furcaster ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4872116	https://www.gbif.org/species/4872116
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	31532	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=31532

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Ophiuroidea : Furcasteridae : Furcaster

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Ophiuroidea : Oegophiurida : Protasteridae : Furcaster

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Asterozoa	von Zittel 1895
class	Ophiuroidea	Gray 1840
order	Oegophiurida	Matsumoto 1915
suborder	Lysophiurina
family	Protasteridae	Miller 1889
genus	Furcaster	Stürtz 1886

Scientific Name

Furcaster Stürtz, 1886

Name Published In

Palaeontogr., 32, no. 2-3

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Furcaster	genus	belongs to Lapworthuridae	stated with evidence	Schuchert, 1915
Furcaster	genus	belongs to Furcasteridae	stated with evidence	Spencer, 1925
Furcaster	genus	belongs to Furcasteridae	stated without evidence	Lehmann, 1957
Furcaster	genus	belongs to Furcasteridae	stated with evidence	Spencer and Wright, 1966
Furcaster	genus	belongs to Furcasteridae	stated without evidence	Haude and Thomas, 1983
Furcaster	genus	belongs to Oegophiurida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Furcaster	genus	belongs to Protasteridae	stated with evidence	Dean Shackleton, 2005

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

439 - 433 Ma
Silurian

Last Recorded Appearance

365 - 359 Ma
Late/Upper Devonian

Environment

marine (based on Ophiuroidea)

Motility

slow-moving (based on Ophiuroidea)

Vision

blind (based on Ophiuroidea)

Diet

detritivore, suspension feeder (based on Ophiuroidea)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Ophiuroidea)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

B. Stürtz. 1886. Über paläozoische Sesterne. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie 2:142-154

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Eoluidia decheni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Furcaster aequoreus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Furcaster cataphractus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		20	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	382 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Furcaster daoulasensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Furcaster decheni ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Furcaster leptosoma ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	439 Ma Silurian	421 Ma Silurian
Furcaster palaeozoicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Furcaster trepidans ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Furcaster zitteli ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Palastropecten zitteli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Protaster daoulasensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Protaster leptosoma species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1886	Squamaster Ringueberg p. 5
1886	Palastropecten Stürtz p. 88
1886	Eoluidia Stürtz p. 89
1886	Furcaster Stürtz p. 148
1899	Eophiurites Stürtz p. 190
1899	Palaespondylus Stürtz p. 190
1905	Sympterura Bather pp. 161-169 figs. pl. 1 figs. 1-3, 6
1912	Rhodostoma Sollas and Sollas p. 225
1915	Squamaster Schuchert p. 249
1915	Sympterura Schuchert pp. 256-260 figs. text-fig. 32
1915	Furcaster Schuchert p. 261

Year	Name and Author
1915	Palastropecten Schuchert pp. 261-262
1915	Eoluidia Schuchert p. 262
1925	Furcaster Spencer pp. 312-316
1957	Furcaster Lehmann pp. 63-65
1965	Furcaster Owen p. 556
1966	Furcaster Spencer and Wright p. U88
1983	Furcaster Haude and Thomas p. 128
2001	Furcaster Boczarowski p. 29
2002	Furcaster Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Furcaster Dean Shackleton p. 84

References

Stürtz B. Über paläozoische Sesterne, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie 2, 142-154

Ringueberg E.N.S. New genera and species of fossils from the Niagara shales, Buffalo Society of Natural Science, Bulletin 5, 1-22

Stürtz B. Beitrag zur Kenntnis paläozoische Seesterne, Palaeontographica 32, 75-98

Stürtz E. Ein weiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis paläozoischer Asteroiden, Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen vereins der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens 56, 176-240

Schuchert C. (1915) Revision of Paleozoic Stelleroidea with special reference to North American Asteroidea, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 88, 1-311

Spencer W. K. (1925) A monograph of the British Palaeozoic Asterozoa., Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 1922 6, 237-324

Lehmann W.M. (1957) Die Asterozoen in den Dachschifern des rheinischen Unterdevons., Abhandlungen des Hessischen Landeshamtes für Bodenforchung 21, 1-160

Spencer W. K., Wright C.W. (1966) Asterozoans, Moore R.C. ed, Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Echinodermata, University of Kansas Press and the Geological Society of America 3 1, U4-U107

Haude R., Thomas E. (1983) Ophiuren (Echinodermata) des hohen Oberdevons in nördlichen Rheinischen Schiefergebirge, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 57 1/2, 121-142

Boczarowski A. (2001) Isolated sclerites of Devonian nonpelmatozoan echinoderms, Palaeontologia Polonica 59, 3-220

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Dean Shackleton J. (2005) Skeletal homologies, phylogeny and classification of the earliest asterozoan echinoderms, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 3 1, 29-114

Museum Victoria KEmu database (Oct 2006) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Palaeontogr., 32, no. 2-3 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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