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Llanocetus

Description

Llanocetus (“Llano's whale”) is a genus of extinct toothed baleen whales from the Late Eocene of Antarctica. The type species, Llanocetus denticrinatus, reached gigantic proportions, with the juvenile specimen reaching an estimated 8 m (26 ft) in length; a second, unnamed species, known only from three isolated premolar teeth, reached an estimated total body length of up to 12 m (39 ft). Like contemporary baleen whales, Llanocetus completely lacked baleen in its jaws. It was probably a suction feeder like the modern beaked and pygmy right whales.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4835302https://www.gbif.org/species/4835302
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)36750https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36750
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Llanocetidae : Llanocetus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
orderCetaceaBrisson 1762
-PelagicetiUhen 2008
-NeocetiFordyce and de Muizon 2001
suborderMysticetiCope 1891
familyLlanocetidaeMitchell 1989
genusLlanocetusMitchell 1989
Scientific NameLlanocetus Mitchell, 1989
Name Published InCan J Fish Aquat Sci 46 (12):
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Llanocetusgenusbelongs to Llanocetidaestated without evidenceMitchell, 1989
Llanocetusgenusbelongs to LlanocetidaeimpliedMcKenna and Bell, 1997
Llanocetusgenusbelongs to Cetaceasecond handSepkoski, 2002
Llanocetusgenusbelongs to Llanocetidaestated without evidenceGeisler and Sanders, 2003
Llanocetusgenusbelongs to Llanocetidaestated with evidenceFitzgerald, 2010
Llanocetusgenusbelongs to Llanocetidaestated without evidenceTsai and Fordyce, 2015
Llanocetusgenusbelongs to Mysticetistated without evidenceMarx and Fordyce, 2015
Llanocetusgenusbelongs to Llanocetidaestated with evidenceMarx et al., 2016
Llanocetusgenusbelongs to Llanocetidaestated without evidenceBerta, 2017
Llanocetusgenusbelongs to Llanocetidaestated with evidenceFordyce and Marx, 2018
Llanocetusgenusbelongs to Llanocetidaestated without evidenceMarx et al., 2019
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
First Recorded Appearance38.0 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Last Recorded Appearance38.0 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Environmentmarine (based on Mysticeti)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Cetacea)
Dietcarnivore, suspension feeder (based on Mysticeti)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Cetacea)
Ontogenymodification of parts (based on Cetacea)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Mysticeti)
Primary Reference (PBDB)E. D. Mitchell. 1989. A new cetacean from the late Eocene La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46(12):2219-2235
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanocetus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Llanocetus denticrenatus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
238.0 Ma
Eocene
38.0 Ma
Eocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1989Llanocetus Mitchell
1996Llanocetus Cozzuol p. 324
1997Llanocetus McKenna and Bell p. 375
2002Llanocetus Sepkoski, Jr.
2003Llanocetus Geisler and Sanders p. 27
2007Llanocetus Steeman p. 880
2009Llanocetus Fordyce and Roberts p. 553
2010Llanocetus Fitzgerald p. 370 figs. Table 1
YearName and Author
2015Llanocetus Marx and Fordyce figs. Figure 2
2015Llanocetus Tsai and Fordyce
2016Llanocetus Marx et al. p. 103
2017Llanocetus Berta p. 166
2017Llanocetus Tsai and Kohno figs. Table 1
2018Llanocetus Fordyce and Marx p. 1 figs. Fig. 4
2019Llanocetus Marx et al. p. 99

References

Mitchell E. D. (1989) A new cetacean from the late Eocene La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46 12, 2219-2235
Cozzuol M. A. (1996) The record of aquatic mammals in southern South America, Munchner Geowissenshaftliche Abhandlungen. A, Geoligie und Palaontologie 30, 321-342
McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640
Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Steeman M. E. (2007) Cladistic analysis and a revised classification of fossil and recent mysticetes, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150, 875-894
Fordyce R. E., Roberts C. D. (2009) Fossil Pinnipedia and Cetacea, New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity, 553
Fitzgerald E. M. G. (2010) The morphology and systematics of Mammalodon colliveri (Cetacea: Mysticeti), a toothed mysticete from the Oligocene of Australia, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158, 367-476
Marx F. G., Fordyce R. E. (2015) Baleen boom and bust: a synthesis of mysticete phylogeny, diversity and disparity, Royal Society Open Science 2, 140434 doi:10.1098/rsos.140434
Tsai C.-H., Fordyce R. E. (2015) The Earliest Gulp-Feeding Mysticete (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Oligocene of New Zealand, Journal of Mammalian Evolution doi:10.1007/s10914-015-9290-0
Marx F. G., Lambert O., et al (2016) Cetacean Paleobiology, 1-319
Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198
Tsai C.-H., Kohno N. (2017) Multiple origins of gigantism in stem baleen whales, The Science of Nature 103 89 doi:10.1007/s00114-016-1417-5
Fordyce R. E., Marx F. G. (2018) Gigantism Precedes Filter Feeding in Baleen Whale Evolution, Current Biology 28, 1-7 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.027
Marx F. G., Buono M. R., et al (2019) Gigantic mysticete predators roamed the Eocene Southern Ocean, Antarctic Science 31 2, 98-104 doi:10.1017/S095410201800055X
GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Can J Fish Aquat Sci 46 (12): - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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