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Prolibytherium

Description

Prolibytherium is an extinct climacoceratid artiodactyl ungulate native to Early Miocene North Africa and Pakistan, from around 16.9 to 15.97 million years ago. Fossils of Prolibytherium were found in the Marada Formation of Libya, Vihowa Formation of Pakistan, and the Moghara Formation of Egypt.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4834738https://www.gbif.org/species/4834738
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)42706https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42706
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Palaeomerycidae : Prolibytherium
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Climacoceratidae : Prolibytherium
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
orderUngulata
orderArtiodactylaOwen 1848
familyClimacoceratidae
genusProlibytheriumArambourg 1961
Scientific NameProlibytherium Arambourg, 1961
Name Published InC. r. somm. Sénc. Soc. Géol. Fr. 1961
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Prolibytheriumgenusbelongs to GiraffidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Prolibytheriumgenusbelongs to Climacoceridaestated without evidencePickford et al., 2001
Prolibytheriumgenusbelongs to Palaeomerycidaestated without evidenceProthero and Liter, 2007
Prolibytheriumgenusbelongs to Pecorastated without evidenceCote, 2010
Prolibytheriumgenusbelongs to Climacoceratidaestated without evidenceDanowitz et al., 2016
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)3
First Recorded Appearance23.0 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene
Last Recorded Appearance16.9 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietgrazer, browser (based on Artiodactyla)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolibytherium

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Prolibytherium fusus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
123.0 Ma
Miocene
23.0 Ma
Miocene
Prolibytherium magnieri
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
223.0 Ma
Miocene
16.9 Ma
Miocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1961Prolibytherium Arambourg
1988Prolibytherium Carroll
2001Prolibytherium Pickford et al. p. 647
2003Prolibytherium Mitchell and Skinner p. 64 figs. Figure 16
2007Prolibytherium Prothero and Liter p. 244
2010Prolibytherium Cote p. 741
2016Prolibytherium Danowitz et al. p. 203

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Pickford M., Attia Y. S., et al (2001) Discovery of Prolibytherium magnieri Arambourg, 1961 (Artiodactyla, Climacoceratidae) in Egypt, Geodiversitas 23 4, 647-652
Mitchell G., Skinner J. D. (2003) On the origin, evolution and phylogeny of giraffes Giraffa camelopardalis, Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 58 1, 51-73
Prothero D. R., Liter M. R. (2007) Family Palaeomerycidae, The Evolution of Artiodactyls, 241-248
Cote S. M. (2010) Pecora Incertae Sedis, Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, 737-745
Danowitz M., Domalski R., et al (2016) A New Species of Prolibytherium (Ruminantia, Mammalia) from Pakistan, and the Functional Implications of an Atypical Atlanto-Occipital Morphology, Journal of Mammalian Evolution 23 2, 201-207 doi:10.1007/s10914-015-9307-8
C. r. somm. Sénc. Soc. Géol. Fr. 1961 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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