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Aivukus ✝

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Description

Aivukus is an extinct genus of walrus from the Miocene.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aivukus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4833139	https://www.gbif.org/species/4833139
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	36906	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36906

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Aivukus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Odobenidae : Aivukus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
-	Pinnipedimorpha	Berta et al. 1989
-	Pinnipedia
family	Odobenidae
genus	Aivukus	Repenning & Tedford 1977

Scientific Name

Aivukus Repenning & Tedford, 1977

Name Published In

Prof. Pap. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 992

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Repenning and Tedford, 1977
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobaenidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Barnes, 1989
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated with evidence	Deméré, 1994
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Horikawa, 1995
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobenina	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Carnivora	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Berta, 2002
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated with evidence	Deméré et al., 2003
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Kohno, 2006
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated with evidence	Berta, 2009
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Boessenecker and Churchill, 2013
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobenidae	stated with evidence	Berta, 2018
Aivukus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Berta et al., 2018

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

11.6 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene

Last Recorded Appearance

7.25 - 2.59 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

marine (based on Pinnipedia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore (based on Odobenidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. A. Repenning and R. H. Tedford. 1977. Otarioid seals of the Neogene. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 992:1-93

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aivukus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Aivukus cedrosensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	11.6 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1977	Aivukus Repenning and Tedford p. 14
1988	Aivukus Carroll
1989	Aivukus Barnes p. 23
1991	Aivukus Vidal p. 6
1994	Aivukus Deméré p. 117
1995	Aivukus Horikawa p. 311
1997	Aivukus McKenna and Bell p. 256
2002	Aivukus Berta p. 923
2002	Aivukus Sepkoski, Jr.

Year	Name and Author
2003	Aivukus Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2006	Aivukus Kohno p. 418
2008	Aivukus Barnes p. 535
2009	Aivukus Berta p. 863
2013	Aivukus Boessenecker and Churchill p. 10 fig. 8
2017	Aivukus Berta p. 156
2018	Aivukus Berta p. 714 figs. Fig. 3
2018	Aivukus Berta et al. p. 217 figs. Fig. 6

References

Repenning C. A., Tedford R. H. (1977) Otarioid seals of the Neogene, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 992, 1-93

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Barnes L. G. (1989) A new enaliarctine pinniped from the Astoria Formation, Oregon, and a classification of the Otariidae (Mammalia: Carnivora), Contributions in Science 403, 1-26

Vidal O. (1991) Catalog of osteological collections of aquatic mammals from Mexico, NOAA Technical Reports NMFS 97, 1-36

Horikawa H. (1995) A primitive odobenine walrus of Early Pliocene age from Japan, The Island Arc 3, 309-328

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Deméré T. A., Berta A., et al (2003) Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 32-76

Kohno N. (2006) A new Miocene odobenid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Hokkaido, Japan, and its implications for odobenid phylogeny, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 2, 411-421

Barnes L. G. (2008) Otarioidea, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 2, 523-541

Berta A. (2009) Pinniped Evolution, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammal Evolution, 861-868

Boessenecker R. W., Churchill M. (2013) A Reevaluation of the Morphology, Paleoecology, and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Enigmatic Walrus Pelagiarctos, PLoS One 8 1, e5411

Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198

Berta A. (2018) Pinniped evolution, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 712-722

Berta A., Churchill M., et al (2018) The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, 203-228 doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Prof. Pap. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 992 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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