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Megacerops ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Brontops robustus

Nebraska, USA

Brontops robustus

Nebraska, USA

Brontops robustus

Nebraska, USA

Description

Megacerops ("large-horned face", from méga- "large" + kéras "horn" + ōps "face") is an extinct genus of the prehistoric odd-toed ungulate (hoofed mammal) family Brontotheriidae, an extinct group of rhinoceros-like browsers related to horses. It was endemic to North America during the Late Eocene epoch (38–33.9 mya), existing for approximately 4.1 million years.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megacerops, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4830388	https://www.gbif.org/species/4830388
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	43043	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43043

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Brontotheriidae : Megacerops

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Brontotheriidae : Megacerops

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
order	Perissodactyla
family	Brontotheriidae
subfamily	Brontotheriinae	Marsh 1873
tribe	Brontotheriini	Marsh 1873
subtribe	Brontotheriina	Marsh 1873
-	Brontotheriita	Marsh 1873
genus	Megacerops	Leidy 1870

Scientific Name

Megacerops Leidy, 1870

Name Published In

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1870

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Megacerops	genus	belongs to Brontotheridae	stated without evidence	Leidy, 1870
Megacerops	genus	belongs to Proboscidea	stated with evidence	Leidy, 1873
Megacerops	genus	replaced by Megaceratops	stated with evidence	Cope, 1873
Megacerops	genus	belongs to Brontotheridae	stated without evidence	Marsh, 1875
Megacerops	genus	subjective synonym of Menodus	stated without evidence	Scott and Osborn, 1887
Megacerops	genus	belongs to Brontotheriinae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Megacerops	genus	belongs to Titanotheriidae	stated without evidence	Lambe, 1908
Megacerops	genus	belongs to Megaceropinae	stated with evidence	Osborn, 1914
Megacerops	genus	subjective synonym of Menodus	stated without evidence	Clark and Beerbower, 1967
Megacerops	genus	belongs to Brontotheridae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Megacerops	genus	belongs to Brontotheridae	stated without evidence	Mader, 1989
Megacerops	genus	belongs to Telmatheriinae	stated without evidence	Prothero and Schoch, 1989
Megacerops	genus	belongs to Brontotheridae	stated without evidence	Mader, 1998
Megacerops	genus	belongs to Brontotheriita	stated with evidence	Mihlbachler, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene

Last Recorded Appearance

37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

browser (based on Brontotheriidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Leidy. 1870. [Abstract of remarks made before a meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, January 4th, 1870]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 22(1):1-2

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megacerops

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Allops crassicornus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ateleodon osborni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Megacerops bicornutus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Megacerops brachycephalus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Brontops dispar ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Brontops robustus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Menodus selwynianus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Megacerops tyleri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Diploclonus amplus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Megacerops assiniboiensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Megacerops coloradensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Megacerops kuwagatarhinus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Megacerops riggsi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Menodus dolichoceras ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Menodus syceras ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Menodus tichoceras ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Menodus bakeri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	40.4 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Allops crassicornis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Megacerops marshi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Allops serotinus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Menops varians ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Allops walcotti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Palaeotherium proutii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Megaceratops acer ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Symborodon copei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Megaceratops heloceras ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Miobasileus ophryas ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Teleodus avus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Titanops curtus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Titanops elatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Titanops medius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Megaceratops Cope, 1873	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Brontotheriidae : *Megaceratops*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1848	Palaeotherium (Menodus) Pomel
1849	Palaeotherium giganteum Pomel
1852	Titanotherium Leidy
1856	Titanotherium Leidy p. 92
1870	Megacerops Leidy p. 2
1873	Miobasileus Cope
1873	Symborodon Cope
1873	Megacerops Leidy p. 335
1873	Brontotherium Marsh p. 486
1873	Titanotherium Marsh p. 486
1875	Anisacodon Marsh
1875	Brontotherium Marsh
1875	Megacerops Marsh
1875	Titanotherium Marsh
1875	Anisacodon montanus Marsh p. 246
1876	Diconodon Marsh
1876	Diconodon montanus Marsh
1881	Menodus Cope p. 397
1881	Symborodon Cope p. 397
1886	Menodus Cope
1886	Menodus angustigenis Cope p. 3
1887	Allops Marsh
1887	Brontops Marsh
1887	Menops Marsh
1887	Titanops Marsh
1887	Brontops Marsh p. 326
1887	Menops Marsh p. 328 figs. 9-10
1887	Titanops Marsh p. 330 fig. 11
1887	Allops Marsh p. 331
1887	Menodus Scott and Osborn p. 157
1889	Haplacodon Cope p. 153
1889	Haplacodon angustigenis Cope p. 153
1890	Diploclonus Marsh
1890	Teleodus Marsh p. 524
1891	Menodus Cope p. 8
1891	Menodus angustigenis Cope p. 13
1895	Titanotherium Osborn and Wortman p. 346
1896	Titanotherium montanum Osborn p. 183
1896	Titanotherium angustigenis Osborn p. 184

Year	Name and Author
1902	Megacerops Hay p. 633
1902	Megacerops angustigenis Hay p. 633
1902	Brontotherium Hay p. 634
1902	Titanotherium Hay p. 635
1902	Symborodon Hay p. 637
1902	Symborodon montanus Hay p. 637
1902	Teleodus Hay p. 638
1902	Megacerops angustigenis Osborn
1902	Symborodon montanus Osborn
1908	Megacerops Lambe
1908	Megacerops angustigenis Lambe
1914	Brontops Osborn p. 405
1914	Brontotherium Osborn p. 405
1914	Diploclonus Osborn p. 405
1914	Megacerops Osborn p. 405
1929	Brontops Osborn
1929	Diploclonus Osborn
1929	Menodus giganteus Osborn
1929	Teleodus Osborn
1935	Ateleodon Schlaikjer
1945	Teleodus Scott
1967	Teleodus Bjork p. 231
1969	Brontops Ferrusquia-Villafranca
1988	Brontops Carroll
1988	Megacerops Carroll
1989	Brontops Mader
1989	Megacerops Mader
1989	Menops Mader
1989	Brontops Prothero and Schoch p. 537
1989	Megacerops Prothero and Schoch p. 537
1989	Menops Prothero and Schoch p. 537
1989	Symborodon Prothero and Schoch p. 537
1989	Teleodus Prothero and Schoch p. 537
1989	Titanotherium Prothero and Schoch p. 537
1998	Brontops Mader
1998	Megacerops Mader
1998	Menops Mader
2008	Megacerops Mihlbachler p. 413

References

Leidy J. [Abstract of remarks made before a meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, January 4th, 1870], Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 22 1, 1-2

Leidy J. Notices of several genera of extinct Mammalia, previously less perfectly characterized, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, 91-95

Leidy J. Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1, 1-358

Marsh O. C. Notice of new Tertiary mammals (continued) 5 30, 485-488 doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-5.30.485

Marsh O. C. Notice of new Tertiary mammals, IV, American Journal of Science 9 51, 239-250 doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-9.51.239

Cope E. D. The systematic arrangement of the Order Perissodactyla, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 19 108, 377-401

Marsh O. C. Notice of new fossil mammals, American Journal of Science 34 202, 323-331

Scott W. B., Osborn H. F. Preliminary account of the fossil mammals from the White River formation contained in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 13 5, 151-171

Cope E. D. The Vertebrata of the Swift Current River, II, The American Naturalist 23 267, 151-155

Marsh O. C. Notice of new Tertiary mammals, American Journal of Science 39, 523-525

Cope E. D. On vertebrata from the Tertiary and Cretaceous rocks of the North West Territory: The species from the Oligocene or Lower Miocene beds of the Cypress Hills, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3, 1-25

Osborn H. F., Wortman J. L. Perissodactyls of the Lower Miocene White River beds, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 7 12, 343-375

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Osborn H. F. (1902) The four phyla of Oligocene titanotheres, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 16 8, 91-109

Lambe L. M. (1908) The Vertebrata of the Oligocene of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 4, 1-65 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61444

Osborn H. F. (1914) Recent results in the phylogeny of the titanotheres, Geological Society America Bulletin 25 1, 403-405

Osborn H. F. (1929) New Eurasiatic and American proboscideans, American Museum Novitates 393, 1-22

Schlaikjer E. M. (1935) Contributions to the Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of the Goshen Hole Area, Wyoming. III. A New Basal Oligocene Formation, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 76 3, 71-93

Scott W. B. (1945) The Mammalia of the Duchesne River Oligocene, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 34 3, 209-253

Bjork P. R. (1967) Latest Eocene vertebrates from northwestern South Dakota, Journal of Paleontology 41 1, 227-236

Ferrusquia-Villafranca I. (1969) Rancho Gaitan Local Fauna, Early Chadronian, Northeastern Chihuahua, Boletín de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana 33 2, 99-138

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Mader B. J. (1989) The Brontotheriidae: A Systematic Revision and Preliminary Phylogeny of North American Genera, The Evolution of Perissodactyls

Prothero D. R., Schoch R. M. (1989) Classification of the Perissodactyla, The Evolution of Perissodactyla, 530-537

Mader B. J. (1998) Brontotheriidae, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 525-536

Mihlbachler M. C. (2008) Species taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of the Brontotheriidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 311 1, 1-475 doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2008)501

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1870 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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