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Protemnodon ✝

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Description

Protemnodon (also called the giant kangaroo) is a genus of megafaunal macropods that existed in Australia, Tasmania, and Papua New Guinea in the Pliocene and Pleistocene.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protemnodon, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4826287	https://www.gbif.org/species/4826287
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40163	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40163

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Diprotodontia : Macropodidae : Protemnodon

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Theriamorpha
-	Theriiformes
-	Trechnotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Cladotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Boreosphenida
subclass	Theria	Parker and Haswell 1897
subclass	Metatheria
-	Marsupialia
-	Australidelphia	Szalay 1982
order	Diprotodontia	Owen 1866
family	Macropodidae	Gray 1821
subfamily	Macropodinae	Gray 1821
genus	Protemnodon	Owen 1873

Scientific Name

Protemnodon Owen, 1873

Name Published In

Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 21

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Protemnodon	genus	belongs to Macropodidae	stated without evidence	Marshall, 1974
Protemnodon	genus	belongs to Macropodinae	stated without evidence	Flannery et al., 1989
Protemnodon	genus	belongs to Macropodidae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Protemnodon	genus	belongs to Macropodinae	stated without evidence	Dawson et al., 1999

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

23.0 - 3.6 Ma
Neogene

Last Recorded Appearance

0.13 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Mammalia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore (based on Macropodidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Theria)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. C. McKenna and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protemnodon

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Protemnodon anak ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	5.33 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Protemnodon antaeus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Protemnodon bandharr ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Protemnodon brehus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Protemnodon buloloensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Protemnodon devisi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Protemnodon hopei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1874	Protemnodon Owen
1974	Protemnodon Marshall p. 66
1989	Protemnodon Flannery et al.
1997	Protemnodon McKenna and Bell
1999	Protemnodon Dawson et al. p. 276

References

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Marshall L. G. (1974) Late Pleistocene mammals from the "Keilor cranium site," southern Victoria, Australia, Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 35, 63-86

Flannery T. F., Hoch E., et al (1989) Macropodines from the Pliocene Otibanda Formation, Papua New Guinea, Alcheringa 13 1-2, 145-152

Dawson L., Muirhead J., et al (1999) The Big Sink local fauna; a lower Pliocene mammalian fauna from the Wellington Caves complex, Wellington, New South Wales, Records of the Western Australian Museum 57, 265-290

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 21 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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